注意与记忆中的“积极效应”——“老化悖论”与社会情绪选择理论的视角  

Positivity Effect in Attention and Memory:Paradox of Aging and the Perspective from Socioemotional Selectivity Theory

作　　者：伍麟[1] 邢小莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学社会心理学系,长春130012

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2009年第2期362-369,共8页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学一般项目(08JCXLX006)。

摘　　要：老年人在注意和记忆活动中存在着"积极效应"现象,即对积极材料的加工维持得较好,表现出对积极信息的偏向。社会情绪选择理论从时间的认知评估影响情绪目标的选择来解释这一现象。同时,研究发现信息的加工方式与"积极效应"有密切关联,当控制加工时,"积极效应"出现;而自动加工时,"积极效应"消失。"积极效应"受到时间认知的控制,也受到认知资源和认知能力的限制。目前,随着认知神经科学的发展,利用先进设备与仪器研究老年人认知活动中的"积极效应"有着广阔的前景。According to socioemotional selectivity theory, older adults have a greater focus on emotional goals, especially the positive information contributing to emotional goals.Perceived constraints on time lead older adults to avoid negative and favor positive information in their attention and memory.Both automatic and controlled processes influence the positivity effect in attention and memory.The effect of the limited time perspective on attention and memory is controlled by cognition, and it is also constrained by cognitive resource and capacity.Presently, there are some disadvantages on the researches related to SST.We need to enrich the research methods and enlarge the research domain in the future work.As the development of cognitive neuroscience, it is necessary to observe and explore the effects of emotion on the aging cognitive process by advance and precise apparatus.

关 键 词：老化 老化悖论 积极效应 社会情绪选择理论 

分 类 号：B844.4[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]