生态风险评价理论和方法  

Theories and Methods of Ecological Risk Assessment

作　　者：雷炳莉[1] 黄圣彪[1] 王子健[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境水质学国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《化学进展》2009年第2期350-358,共9页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：环保公益性行业科研专项(No.200709034);国家高技术发展计划(863)项目(2007AA06A405)资助

摘　　要：生态风险评价从最初单物种毒性测试数据为基础、从急性毒性数据外推获得慢性毒性数据的简单模型方法,逐步过渡到以多物种测试为基础和通过微、中宇宙生态系统模拟法获取数据、建立模型,以及以生态毒理模型为基础的生态风险评价方法。本文讨论生态风险评价方法的发展过程及不同阶段存在的问题,阐述以个体、种群和生态系统为基础的生态风险评价方法的特点和相互之间的区别,指出生态风险评价正在从个体走向群落的发展趋势。本文同时对风险表征方法、数据选择和常用统计方法作了评述,并对生态风险评价的发展趋势进行了预测。Ecological risk assessment is developed from single-species toxicity test to multi-species toxicity test, then to ecological risk models. Accordingly, chronic toxicity data is obtained from different assessment methods containing a simple extrapolation model based on single-species toxicity test, microcosm or mesocosm based on multi- species test, and ecological risk models based on population or ecosystem. This paper discusses the development and characteristics of ecological risk assessment methods and existing problems at different stages. It points out that the main development treads of the ecological risk assessment is from the individual to the community. At the same time, risk characteristic method, data selection and statistical method selection in ecological risk assessment are introduced. The perspectives of ecological risk assessment are given.

关 键 词：生态风险评价 生态风险评价方法 风险表征 

分 类 号：X13[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X826