红富士苹果对初夏土施^(15)N-尿素的吸收、分配和利用特性  被引量:15

Studies on the property of absorption and partition of ^(15)N in Fuji apple trees using ^(15)N-labelled urea in early summer

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作  者:张芳芳[1] 韩明玉[1] 张立新[2] 刘长虹[1] 赵彩平[1] 

机构地区:[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学生命学院,陕西杨凌712100

出  处:《果树学报》2009年第2期135-139,共5页Journal of Fruit Science

基  金:农业部948项目(2006-G28);农业部行业计划(nyhzx07-024);陕西省科技攻关项目(2008K01-04)

摘  要:以5a生田间红富士苹果为试材,以初夏土施15N-尿素为手段,研究了当年不同时期主要器官对15N-尿素的吸收、分配和利用特性。结果表明,从幼果期到果实采收期,叶片全氮质量分数最高,新梢、根系和果实依次递减;根系优先吸收15N-尿素,在幼果期15N质量分数达到最高,随物候期推进,吸收的15N-尿素外运用于新生器官(新梢、叶片与果实)的建造。到采收期,新生器官的15N质量分数提高,地上部分的15N吸收量明显高于地下部分,其中新梢、叶片和果实15N分配势(Ndff%)比幼果期分别增加了68.6%、80.6%和57.2%;地上部分15N吸收量达366.693mg,分配率为63.9%,占树体总氮量的0.75%;根系Ndff%比幼果期减少了68.8%,15N吸收量为207.5643mg,分配率为36.1%,占树体总氮量的0.42%。采收期树体的当年氮肥利用率为5.7%。Five-year-old trees of Fuji apple cuhivar were used as material for studying the specific property of absorption, partition and utilization of 15N-labelled urea in the different part of the tree at different phenophase using 15N-labelled urea applied in early summer. The results showed that the total N content in leaf was the highest and then decreased in order of shoot, root and fruit during the whole period of fruit development. Moreover, 15N-urea fertilizer was absorbed and transported by root firstly. The highest amount of 15N uptake occurred at young fruit stage. The 15N absorption mainly contributed to new organs. At harvest stage, the amount of ~SN transportation to shoots were increased while that to roots decreased. Compared with young fruit stage, Ndff% of new stem,leaf and fruit significantly increased by 68.6%, 80.6% and 57.2% ,respectively. The total amount of 15N absorption by shoot reached 366.693 rag, 63.9% of partitioned ratio, which occupied 0.75% of the total N amount in total plants. However, Ndff% of root decreased by 68.8%. Additionally, the total 15N amount of absorption by root reached 207.564 mg, 36.1% of partitioned ratio,which accounted for 0.42% of the total N in the tree. Furthermore,the nitrogen utilization efficiency of apple tree at the fruit harvest stage reached 5.7%.

关 键 词:红富士苹果 15N-尿素 分配 吸收 利用 

分 类 号:S661.1[农业科学—果树学]

 

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