齐气、楚风与吴习--明清之际的诗坛格局及清初诗坛走向  

Qi,Chu and Wu——Three Schools of Poetry in Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties

作　　者：朱丽霞[1] 陶文鹏(评点人)[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学人文学院,上海200433 [2]中国社会科学院文学研究所研究员、研究生院博士生导师 [3]《文学遗产》主编

出　　处：《学术月刊》2009年第3期99-106,共8页Academic Monthly

基　　金：教育部人文社科规划项目“清代文人游幕与文学生态”(批准号:08JA751028)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：明中叶始,各种诗学观点竞相登场,相互对峙。诗学的多元趋势和激烈论争,使得明中后期诗坛异彩纷呈,主要体现于以地域为阵地、以地域特色为基点的流派论争。众多的诗学流派大致可分别归属于齐、楚、吴三大地域。齐气雄浑博雅,统领诗坛,风靡几度,后期逐渐演为伪诗;楚风幽情单绪,独舒性灵,给诗坛一副清爽沁脾之剂,后被斥为亡国之音而迅速凋谢;吴习在齐气与楚风的双重夹击下努力固持自己的柔婉本色,在主流话语外坚守自己的生存法则。齐气、楚风与吴习的相互抗争、相互包容,共同装点并打造了生机蓬勃的晚明清初诗坛。这一文学史上的奇特景观,一直持续到康熙中期王士祯以文坛领袖之尊倡导"神韵"诗学之际才基本消歇。Various competing view points of poetry came into being since the mid-Ming Dynasty. lhe filed of poetry become very active. Numerous schools of poetry can be classified into three major schools according to their locations： Qi, Chu and Wu. The school of Qi is characterized with masculine sublimity and learned urbanity, which played a leading role for some time but later turned out to be artificial poems. The school of Chu are ethereal, spiritual and peculiar, which brought a fresh air to the field of poetry, however, withered soon for being accused as voice of a dying nation. As to the marginal school of Wu, it adhered to it living principle of being tender and sensitive, although under the dual pressure of the two big schools of Qi and Chu. The competition and tolerance among these three schools made the field of poetry lovely and animated in late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. This amazing spectacle lasted until the rising of the school of ＂Shen Yun＂ advocated by the literary leader Wang Shizhen in the middle period under the reign of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：齐气 楚风 吴习 晚明 清初 诗坛 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]