基于参与性调查的农户对环境移民政策及重建预案的认知与响应--西南喀斯特移民迁出区研究  

Farmer's perception and response towards environmental migration and restoration plans based on participatory rural appraisal:a case study of emigration region in the karst Southwestern China

作　　者：于一尊[1,2,3,4] 王克林[1,3] 陈洪松[1,3] 徐丽丽[1,3,4] 傅伟[1,3] 张伟[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,湖南长沙410125 [2]江西省科学院生物资源研究所,江西南昌330029 [3]中国科学院环江喀斯特生态系统观测研究站,广西环江547100 [4]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学报》2009年第3期1170-1180,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院西部行动计划资助项目(KZCX2-XB2-08);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)资助项目(2006CB403208)

摘　　要：环境移民工程的实施对迁出区生态重建产生了极其重要的影响。研究采用参与性农户评估方法(PRA)对喀斯特石山区4个屯农户进行了调查,根据研究需要将其分为移民迁出区和非移民迁出区,对比两组农户的现有耕地面积、经济收入以及对移民政策的态度等问题,探讨迁出区的移民效应和可持续性问题。研究表明:环境移民缓解了人地关系的矛盾,提高了耕地的利用效率、加强了农户环境意识、增加了经济收入以及抵御自然灾害风险的能力,有力地保证了退耕还林政策的顺利实施和多种经营的推广。但仍然存在4个不容忽视的问题。一是潜在移民人数仍然很高。二是农户种植行为的商业化,忽视了对土地利用的可持续性。三是现有的配套措施不够完善,水、路等基础设施亟待解决。四是特色产业和文化受到冲击。Implementation of the environmental migration program has exerted a profound impact on the ecological restoration in the emigration region. On the basis of farm household surveys in four karst villages, this investigation was performed using participatory rural appraisal （PRA）. Existing cropland area, income and the attitudes towards migration policy of farmers from two emigration villages was compared with that of from two non-emigration villages to elucidate the effect of migration and its sustainability in the emigration region. The results indicated that the program had already made progress in harmonizing human-earth relationship, promoting consciousness of environmental protection, increasing cropland use efficiency and income, improving comprehensive capacity of natural disaster resistance and effectively guaranteeing the implementations of de-farming and reafforestaion policy and diversified agricultural practices. However, four issues were also found through this study. Firstly, the number of potential emigrants was still high. Secondly, cropland sustainability was ignored with the increasingly commercialized planting behaviors. Thirdly, the program＇s infrastructure such as water supply and transportation needed to be improved. Finally, local characteristic industries and culture were weakened in the emigration region.

关 键 词：环境移民 参与性评估 迁出区 生态重建 预案响应 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程] D632.4[政治法律—政治学]