囊泡谷氨酸转运体与神经系统疾病  

The relationship of vesicular glutamate transporters and nervous system disease

作　　者：程肖蕊[1] 周文霞[1] 张永祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]军事医学科学院毒物药物研究所,北京100850

出　　处：《中国药理学通报》2009年第3期290-294,共5页Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(No2004CB518907);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助项目(No2007AA02Z400);国家自然科学基金面上项目(No30600760);北京市科技新星计划资助项目(No2007A061)

摘　　要：囊泡谷氨酸转运体(vesicular glutamate transporters,VGLUTs)能特异地装载谷氨酸进入突触囊泡并促进释放,它包括3个成员,其中VGLUT1和VGLUT2是谷氨酸能神经元和它们轴突末端高度特异的标志,同时VGLUT1标志着皮质-皮质投射,VGLUT2标志着丘脑-皮层投射。而VGLUT3则会出现在胆碱能中间神经元、5-羟色胺能神经元、海马和皮层中GABA能中间神经元中。VGLUTs的异常会导致兴奋性神经递质谷氨酸的异常,从而诱发多种神经系统疾病。该文综述了VGLUTs的功能障碍与阿尔采末病(Alzheimer’sdisease,AD)、帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)、精神分裂症、抑郁症、癫痫、耳聋发病的关系的研究进展,为这些疾病的防治提供新的线索。Vesicular glutamate transporters （ VGLUTs ） package specifically glutamate into synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal for subsequent release into the synaptie cleft. VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 together label all glutamatergic neurons, are highly specific markers of glutamatergic neurons and their axon terminals. VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 are respectively the neurochemieal marker of cortico-cortical projection and thalamo-eortieal projection. VGLUT3 is also expressed in eholinergie interneurons, serotoninergic neurons, subsets of GABAergic interneurons in the hippoeampus and cerebral cortex. The disfunction of VGLUTs can lead to the abnormal excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, resulting in many nervous system disease. In order to give a clue for prevention and therapy of these diseases, this paper reviews the disfunction of VGLUTs effects on Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, Parkinson＇ s disease （ PD）, schizophrenia, depressive disorder, epilepsy and deafness.

关 键 词：囊泡谷氨酸转运体 谷氨酸能神经元 谷氨酸能突触 神经系统疾病 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生] R322.81