银杏雄株开花生物学特性的研究  

STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGICAL FEATURE OF FLOWERING IN GINKGO BILOBA L.MALE TREES

作　　者：邢世岩 有祥亮 李可贵 董金伟 樊纪欣 

机构地区：[1]山东省林业学校林木栽培室 [2]山东郯城县林业局

出　　处：《林业科学》1998年第3期51-58,共8页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

摘　　要：对从泰安和郯城共５０５０株银杏雄株中筛选出的２６个优良单株的开花生物学特性进行了研究。这些单株具有花期长、花粉量大及花粉生活力强等特点。相关分析和方差分析结果表明，随海拔高度的增加，花期逐渐延长，但小孢子叶球数／短枝下降。每米长枝上的短枝数最高达４５个。短枝长与小孢子叶球数／短枝呈极呈著的正相关。３年生枝段短枝开花率最高，达９６％。每个短枝上小孢子叶球数最高达６４５个，每个小孢子叶球最多含花药５８个，每个花药含有花粉粒最高达２３×１０４个，平均每个小孢子叶球含花粉粒达６５×１０４个。１４＃单株出粉率达６８３％。一株４５年生雄株可产花粉１６５ｇ。花粉生活力平均为９２％。授粉后座果率９０％，有胚率９１％。The biological features of flowering were studied in 26 superior individual male Ginkgo biloba trees selected from 5050 male trees in Taian and Tancheng of Shandong Province. These superior male trees possess the features of florescence long, a large number of pollens, and high vitality of pollens, etc. The results of analysis of correlation and variance show that the florescence prolongs with raising elevation, but numbers of microstrobil per short shoot(sh.sh.) decrease evidently. The maximum number of short shoots per meter of long shoot(l.sh.) is 45. There is a significant positive correlation between the length of short shoot and the microstrobil numbers per short shoot. The flowering percentage of short shoot of 3 year old segment is the highest, amounting to 96%. The maximum microstrobil per short shoot is 6 45, the maximum anther per microstrobil is 58, the maximum pollen grain per anther is 23000. There are 650000 pollen grains in per microstrobil averagely. the pollen productivity of No.14 tree is 6.83%. A 45 year old male tree can yield 165g pollen. The mean vitality of pollen reaches 92%. Seed production percentage is 90% after pollination, the percentage of embryo in seeds is more than 91%.

关 键 词：银杏 雄株 花粉 生活力 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S792.950.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]