中国区域经济差异形成的三次地理要素  

Research on geographical elements of economic difference in China

作　　者：刘清春[1,2] 王铮[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]山东经济学院山东区域经济研究院,济南250014 [2]华东师范大学地理信息教育部重点实验室,上海260062 [3]中国科学院科学院政策与管理研究所,北京100080

出　　处：《地理研究》2009年第2期430-440,共11页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目"人地关系协调意义的气候保护经济分析理论与模型(40371007)

摘　　要：关于地理要素对经济差异的影响,国际上已经做了大量研究。为了探讨地理要素对中国经济差异的影响程度,在Krugman的关于城市聚集的两大自然理论基础之上,提出了影响经济差异的三大地理要素,分别为自然地理环境要素、交通和区位要素以及人力资本和研发水平要素,并通过建模,从全国和三大地带的尺度上细致地分析了各地理要素对经济分异的影响。研究发现,在中国,自然地理环境对经济发展的作用得到了验证和充实,这为揭示地理环境作用提供了主要依据,扩展了国际上Sachs等人关于地理要素对经济发展的认识。目前我国经济正处于转型期,在各地理要素中,影响经济差异最大的为交通便利性指数,影响程度为0.374,因此交通基础建设投资应继续加大。Much research has been done on the effect of geographical elements on economic difference throughout the world.Furthermore,based on the theory of two nature of metropolitan location proposed by Krugman,as well as the theory of human-land relationship and comparative advantages,this paper presents three geographical elements that affect economic differences.The first geographical element includes natural environment,i.e.,elevation,slope,undulating topography,human climate index,water resource index,and potential agricultural production;the second consists of traffic and location,which are represented by transport facilitation and economic position respectively;and the third contains human capital and R＆D level,respectively represented by years of schooling and the number of patents.Supported by Arcgis 9.0 software,this paper,through modeling,analyzes the impact of various geographical elements on economic difference within the whole country and three major regions.The result shows that the geographical environment plays an increasingly important role in economic development.In addition,it extends the knowledge of Sachs et al.about geographical elements of economic development.At present,China＇s economy is in transition.Among all geographical elements,the great one affecting economic difference is transport facilities index,reaching 0.374.So more capital should be injected in infrastructure construction in the future.

关 键 词：区域经济差异 地理要素 交通便利性 

分 类 号：F207[经济管理—国民经济] F224