三种除草剂对大型溞Daphnia magna存活、生长和繁殖的影响  

Effects of Three Herbicides on the Survival,Growth and Reproduction of Daphnia magna

作　　者：张欣[1,2] 赵文[1] 徐峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连水产学院水生生物国家重点实验室,辽宁大连116023 [2]盘锦职业技术学院经济管理系,辽宁盘锦124010

出　　处：《农药学学报》2009年第1期121-125,共5页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

摘　　要：为了制定除草剂在水环境中的允许浓度和排放标准,参照美国公共卫生协会等编著的《水和废水标准检验法》以及我国制定的大型溞Daphnia magna毒性测定方法,进行了丁草胺、吡嘧磺隆、苄嘧磺隆3种稻田常用除草剂对大型溞的21d慢性毒性试验。结果发现：随着除草剂浓度的升高,大型溞的产前发育期、产幼间隔期均缩短,每胎产幼数量先增加后减少;丁草胺各浓度处理组中,内禀增长率（rm）在0.15720.3140d^-1之间,变化较大;吡嘧磺隆各个浓度组的rm相对平稳,为0.20660.2768d^-1;大型溞在苄嘧磺隆处理组中的rm比在其他两种除草剂中的高,为0.33410.3971d^-1。在丁草胺处理组中,大型溞的日生殖量较少,低于吡嘧磺隆和苄嘧磺隆处理组。The 21-day chronic toxicity test of butachlor,pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and bensulfuron-methyl to Daphnia magna was carried out according to ＂Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater＂ by American Public Health Association and ＂Toxicity Test Methods＂ by China.The results showed that when the concentration of these three herbicides increased,both ex-production maturity and reproduction interval decreased,and the number of larva per embryo was up at the beginning but down in the end.The change of rm is quite different,i.e.,from 0.157 2 d^-1 to 0.314 0 d^-1.While in various concentrations of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl,the change of rm is relatively stable,that is from 0.206 6 d^-1 to 0.276 8 d^-1.However,the rm of Daphnia magna in bensulfuron-methyl is higher than in other two herbicides i.e.from 0.334 1 d^-1 to 0.397 1 d^-1.In butachlor solution,the reproduction capacity of Daphnia magna is relatively smaller than in pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and bensulfuron-methyl.

关 键 词：丁草胺 吡嘧磺隆 苄嘧磺隆 大型溞 慢性毒性试验 内禀增长率 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X592