基于二维小波变换的地震资料去噪方法  

DE-NOISING METHOD OF SEISMIC DATA BASED ON 2D WAVELET TRANSFORMATION

作　　者：周怀来[1] 李枚[2] 郑文锋[1] 彭小明[3] 

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学信息工程学院,四川成都610059 [2]攀枝花学院土木工程系,四川攀枝花617000 [3]江汉油田分公司勘探开发研究院,湖北潜江433124

出　　处：《大庆石油地质与开发》2009年第2期121-124,共4页Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目：羌塘国家自然保护区空间信息共享环境应用研究（40761018）;四川省科技厅应用基础研究项目：小波变换在油气资源勘探中的应用研究（ZX0017）.

摘　　要：在油气勘探中，接收到的地震信号包含有效信号和噪声干扰，即要求从强噪声背景中提取出微弱有效信号，去除干扰信号。小波变换是一种时频分析方法，具有多分辨和适应时变信号处理的特性，能将信号进行多尺度分解，各尺度上分解所得的小波变换系数代表原信号在不同分辨率上的信息，根据时频分析结果进行去噪处理，试验显示局部特征并没有得到有效利用。于是针对地震数据及其噪声干扰的特点，利用二维小波变换技术易于分离有效信号和噪声的特点，将其应用于实际地震资料的处理中，对消除面波干扰及其他规则干扰效果很明显，大大提高了地震资料的信噪比和分辨率，有效改善了地震资料的质量。As seismic signal includes effective signal and noise interference in hydrocarbon exploration activities, it is necessary to extract feeble effective signal and to remove interfering signal from intensive noises. Wavelet transformation is a time-frequency analytical method, with characteristics of multi-resolution and adapted to time-variant signal processing. It can decompose signals in multi-scale, and wavelet transformation coefficient decomposed represents information of initial signals in different resolutions. Test shows that local characteristics are not effectively utilized after de-noise treatment based on time-frequency analysis. Thus, in view of seismic data and its characteristics of noise interference, 2D wavelet transformation technique, which can easily separate signal and noise, is applied for actual seismic data processing, with apparent effect of interference elimination on surface wave and other regulations, increasing signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of seismic data and improving the quality of seismic data.

关 键 词：小波变换 地震信号 去噪 分辨率 信噪比 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]