连云港市大樱桃种植的气候条件分析  

Analysis of Climatic Conditions on Cherry Planting in Lianyungang City

作　　者：任曙霞[1] 张旭晖[2] 张银意[1] 范晔 祁欣[1] 王伯盛 

机构地区：[1]连云港市气象局,连云港222006 [2]江苏省气象台,南京210008 [3]连云港市赣榆县气象局,赣榆222100 [4]连云港市东海县气象局,东海222300

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2010年第S1期100-103,共4页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAJ10B03);淮河流域气象开放研究基金项目"气候变暖背景下淮河流域极端降水事件发生演变特征"

摘　　要：利用连云港市1971-2008年气象观测资料,结合大樱桃生长发育情况,分析连云港市气候条件与大樱桃生长的利弊关系,重点讨论了影响大樱桃生长的主要气象灾害发生规律及特点。结果表明:连云港市气候条件适宜大樱桃生长,特别是果实成熟期4-6月,温高雨少光足,昼夜温差大,可以保证大樱桃的优良品质。但易遭遇春霜冻、干旱、高温、冰雹等危害。在气候变暖的趋势下,连云港市春霜冻害呈提早结束、总体减轻趋势,但终霜日仍然可能偏晚出现;气候变暖也促使作物生育期普遍提前,大樱桃萌发后抗寒能力下降,一旦遇到偏晚出现的霜冻,危害极重。降雹主要集中在4-8月,且以5-6月最多,此时正值大樱桃开花-果实成熟期,冰雹极易造成减产。此外,连云港3-4月、6月中旬-7月上旬易发生干旱天气,影响大樱桃花芽分化。夏季暴雨也是影响大樱桃生产的气象灾害之一。Based on the meteorological observation data from 1971 to 2008,climate effect on the growth of cherry was investigated in this paper,considering the growth and development conditions in Lianyungang.The main characteristics and occurrence of meteorological disasters which influence the growth of cherry were the main focus in this research.It showed that the climatic conditions in Lianyungang were suitable for the growth of large cherry especially from April to June,which was the fruit maturity period with high temperature,few rainwater,sufficient illumination and huge temperature difference between day and night.All these conditions above ensured the quality of the fruit.However,the fruit was easy to suffer from the spring frost,drought,heat,hail and other disasters.With the expansion of the greenhouse effect,the spring frost in Lianyungang City had the tendency that ends earlier and damages less,while the last frost date may still occur later.The greenhouse effect also brought the growth period of crop generally ahead of schedule.After sprouting,the cherry's ability of cold resistance became weak,so later the cherry encountered the frost,the larger the damage would be.Hail mainly occurred from April to August,especially from May to June the hail occurred mostly,which was the period for the cherry grows from blossom to ripened fruit.As a result,the hail can easily cause yield losses.Moreover,in Lianyungang,the drought was prone to happen from March to April,as well as early June to mid-July,which may influence the flower budding of large cherry.The summer rainstorm was also one of the meteorological disasters which reduce the production of large cherry.

关 键 词：大樱桃 气象灾害 连云港 

分 类 号：S662.5[农业科学—果树学]