海水鱼类必需脂肪酸的合成能力  

Capability for Synthesizing Essential Fatty Acids in Marine Fish:A Review

作　　者：李明珠[1] 马洪明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2010年第S1期59-64,共6页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30400335)资助

摘　　要：海水鱼类必需脂肪酸(Essential Fatty Acid,EFA)包括C20:4n-6(Arachidonic Acid,ARA)、C20:5n-3(Eicosapen-taenoic Acid,EPA)和C22:6n-3(Docosahexaenoic Acid,DHA)等高不饱和脂肪酸。EFA的合成需要一系列脂肪酸去饱和酶(Fatty Acid Desaturase,FAD)和延长酶的共同作用。海水鱼类可以以C18:2n-6、C18:3n-3为底物在Δ6FAD、Δ5FAD和延长酶的作用下合成少量的ARA、EPA和DHA等EFA。Δ5FAD活性低是导致海水鱼类合成C20不饱和脂肪酸能力低的主要原因。延长酶对C22不饱和脂肪酸亲和力弱是造成EFA合成效率低的重要原因。本文综述了海水鱼类EFA(ARA、EPA和DHA)合成能力较差的原因,以期为提高海水鱼类有效利用富含C18不饱和脂肪酸的植物油的能力提供指导。The essential fatty acid(EFA) for marine fish include C20:4n-6(Arachidonic Acid,ARA)、C20:5n-3(Eicosapentaenoic Acid,EPA)and C22:6n-3(Docosahexaenoic Acid,DHA).A series of fatty acid desaturase(FAD) and elongases is needed in EFA biosynthesis of marine fish.Marine fish can biosynthesize a little highly unsaturated EFA such as ARA、EPA and DHA on the basis of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 with the effect of Δ6FAD、Δ5FAD and elongase.The limited ability of Δ5 fatty acid desaturase accounts for the limited rate of biosynthesizing C20 unsaturated fatty acids in marine fish.At the same time low C22 elongase activity is another reason for poor ability to synthesize highly unsaturated EFAs in marine fish.This review investigates the main reason for poor ability to synthesize highly unsaturated EFAs(including ARA,EPA and DHA) of marine fish,which can provide information for elevating the ability to use vegetable oils full of C18 PUFA in marine fish.

关 键 词：海水鱼 必需脂肪酸 脂肪酸去饱和酶 延长酶 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]