蜂蜜中美洲幼虫病原孢子的检测技术及其在防治上的意义  

Detecting American Foulbrood Spores in Honey and its Meaning of Disease Control

作　　者：陈裕文 黄淳维 

机构地区：[1]台湾宜兰大学动物科技系

出　　处：《蜜蜂杂志》2007年第S1期13-16,共4页Journal of Bee

摘　　要：美洲幼虫病(American foulbrood)是西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera L.)最严重的细菌性病害,病原为幼虫芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus larvae)。蜂群感病初期不易察觉病征,因此检测病原孢子在疾病防治上极为重要。研究以平板培养法检测2005～2006年台湾地区各地蜂蜜(n=670)及泰国进口蜂蜜(n=173),结果显示,2005年台湾地区蜂蜜的孢子检出率为18.8%,泰国进口蜜为9.8%;2006年,台湾地区蜂蜜的孢子检出率为37.43%,泰国进口蜜为20.00%。此外,研究以常见的分子检测技术——PCR,并设计一对巢式PCR(nest PCR)引子,用以检测蜂产品中是否含有病原孢子。结果显示,将检测技术应用于田间蜂蜜样本(n=33),检出率为84.84%(n=28),最低检出浓度为482.5个孢子/g,表示可成功于蜂蜜中检出病原孢子DNA片段。如能落实美洲幼虫病原孢子监测制度,并结合蜂群管理的模式,即可有效预警并防治美洲幼虫病的发生。American foulbrood (AFB) is the serious bacterial disease ofhoneybee (Apis mellifera L.),aused by spores of Paenibacillus larvae.In the early infection stage,clinical symptoms were not easily to find in bee colony,so it is very important to detection spores of P.larvae in bee colonies for early disease prevention.This study had collected honey samples from Taiwan Region(n=670) and Thailand (n=173) in 2005-2006 and detected spores by using plate-counting methods.Results show 18.8% of Taiwan Region samples,and 9.8% of Thailand samples collected in 2005 were spore-positive,whereas 37.43% of 2006 Taiwan Region samples and 20.00% of Thailand samples contained spores.In addition, this study has designed a nest PCR primer pair to detect spores from honeys by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods.Applying this PCR methods,28 honey samples (84.84%),had been detected the specify DNA fragment of spores and the detection limit was 482.5 spores per gram of honey.Monitoring the P.larvae spores in honey coupled with well bee management may effectively prevent the occurrence of American fouibrood.

关 键 词：美洲幼虫病 幼虫芽孢杆菌 防治 蜂蜜 聚合酶链锁反应 

分 类 号：S895[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]