过错及因果关系推定与证明责任倒置——从事实到价值的思考  

Fault,Causality Presumption and Inverted Burden of Proof——Thoughts from the Facts Perspective to the Value Perspective

作　　者：叶名怡[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院

出　　处：《北方法学》2007年第4期143-151,共9页Northern Legal Science

摘　　要：过错及因果关系推定是法律在前提事实(某种情境下的损害)获得证明的条件下,绕过了法官对基础事实问题的认定,而对法律事实中的法律问题(过错及因果关系有无)给出的暂时性结论。证明责任本质上是要件事实真伪不明时当事人承担的败诉风险,是对法律事实中事实问题的解决。因此在大陆法系,法定推定必然导致证明责任倒置。英美法系情形不同。过错及因果关系推定具有相同的正当性基础,它们在现行法中的体现尚未得到全面认识。Fault and Causality Presumption are applied by judges to reach temporary conclusion on legal issues in legal facts(by judging whether or not the fault and causality exist),without the confirmation of basic legal facts since the facts as preconditions have been proved(such as harm resulted in certain circumstances).Essentially,burden of proof is the risk of lawsuit losing assumed by partied concerned in the case of unrecognizable facts element,and serves as a solution to facts issues in legal facts.Therefore,in Continental law system,statutory presumption will definitely lead to inverted burden of proof.While rather differently in common law system,fault and causality presumption bear the substantial justification basis whereas such function and value have not yet been comprehensively recognized.

关 键 词：过错推定 因果关系推定 证明责任 正当性基础 

分 类 号：D915.13[政治法律—诉讼法学]