四川水稻栽培研究六十年  

Review on the Sixty Year's Rice Cultivation in Sichuan Province

作　　者：谭中和[1,2,3] 方文[1,2,3] 郑家国[1,2,3] 熊洪[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]四川省农科院 [2]四川省农科院水稻高梁研究所 [3]四川省农科院作物研究所

出　　处：《西南农业学报》1998年第S1期18-25,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：四川水稻栽培研究六十年来取得了巨大的成就，极大地推动了水稻生产的发展。五十年代的“好种壮秧、少秧密植、合理施肥”三大技术以及“湿润育秧”、“新法泡田与浅水灌溉”；六十年代矮秆水稻栽培技术关于“主攻穗多、争取穗大；依靠主穗，争取分蘖”的技术路线；七十年代的多蘖壮秧技术；八十年代杂交水稻高产栽培技术关于“在一定基本苗基础上依靠分蘖成穗，在一定穗数水平上争取穗大”的技术路线；九十年代杂交水稻超高产栽培技术关于“采用穗重型品种，适当降低群体基数，提高成穗率，保证穗数；通过提高成穗质量以增加单位面积总实粒数，从而提高产量的技术路线”等促进了四川水稻生产上了几个台阶。旱育秧技术的引进与创新；避高温伏旱技术对策；迟栽稳产高产技术等适应性栽培为实现避灾稳产高产提供了技术支撑。水稻种植制度上再生稻的研究如腋芽萌发的生态条件，促进腋芽萌发和提高活芽率、提高结实率的栽培技术为四川再生稻生产的发展提供了技术基础。对双季稻生育日数与总积温和对晚稻安全齐穗期研究基础上提出的品种组合、栽插方式，晚稻播栽期及育秧技术等为四川确立双季稻种植制度提供了成套的栽培技术。Significant achievements have been made in rice cultivation researches and these researches have greatly enhanced the development of rice production in Sicuan Province.From 50s to 90s,the following techniques in rice cultivation have elevated the yield levels of the rice production:in 50s,the three major techniques,i.e.,good varietes and sturdy seedlings,dense planting with less seedlings and reasonable fertilization,and other techniques,including nursing seedlings in moist field,and irrigation with new methods;in 60s,the cultivation techniques for dwarf rice,i.e.,increasing yield by mainly inreasing the panicle number per unit area and filled spikelets number per panicle;increasing panicle numbers by close planting seedlings and increasing tillers per plant;in 70s,the techniques of developing sturdy seedling with multiple tillers;in 80s,the high-yielding cultivation techniques for hybrid rice,i.e..increasing panicle numbers per unit area by increasing early tillers on the basis of planting seedlings numbers and increasing spikelets numbers per panicle;in 90s,the super-high-ylelding cultivation techniques for hybrid rice,i.e.,utilizing large panicle type varieties,lowering the amount of plant population,increasing number of panicles per unit area by raising the rate of effective panicles;increasing the amount of filled grains per unit area by increasing number of filled grains per effective panicle,and at last raising the yields.Some adaptation cultivation techniques,such as the introduction and innovation of rice seedling nursing technique on upland,the countermeasures of avoiding high temperatures and summer drought,and the techniques for obtaining high and stable yields after late transplanting,ete.,have provided technical support for avoiding natural disaster and harvesting high yields.Researches on ecological condition of the germination of the buds,and cultivation techniques for enhancing the ratooning germination of the buds,raising the alive bud rate,and improving the seed setting rate in ratooning rice,h

关 键 词：中稻 再生稻 双季稻 栽培技术 四川 

分 类 号：S511.1[农业科学—作物学]