温光敏雄性不育小麦C49S的研究利用  

Studies and Application of Thermo-Photoperiod Sensitive Male Sterile Wheat C49S

作　　者：王涛[1] 张作仕[1] 曾秀英[1] 李竹林[1] 余懋群[1] 敖栋辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都生物研究所

出　　处：《西南农业学报》1998年第S2期188-194,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中科院重大项目;国家计委资助;中国科学院成都地奥科学基金

摘　　要：通过分期播种试验发现温光敏雄性不育系Ｃ４９Ｓ－８７、Ｃ４９Ｓ－８９的育性转换明显，便于两系法杂种优势利用，其育性主要受温度控制，光照也有一定影响。这２个不育系在低温短日照条件下不育，温暖长日照条件下可育，在成都地区正季播种，其不育株率可达１００％，套袋自交不实率及花粉不育度均在９５％以上，在成都地区晚季播种，自然结实率可达７８％，育性恢复。Ｃ４９Ｓ－８７的粗蛋白含量为１５．１％，ＳＤＳ沉淀值为５５ｍｌ，采用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ技术分析了Ｃ４９Ｓ－８７的胚乳贮藏蛋白的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成，发现其１Ｄ染色体上的Ｇｌｕ－Ｄ１位点基因编码５＋１０优质亚基；Ｃ４９Ｓ主要农艺性状和品质性状的配合力较高，利用Ｃ４９Ｓ配制大量组合，已初步筛选到一批高产、优质兼备的两系杂交小麦新组合。采用测交、回交转育法，已获得一批性状优良并趋于稳定的新不育材料。The two-line system heterosis breeding by using thermo-photoperiod sensitive male sterile wheat is a new domain in wheat heterosis research.Chinese agricultural scientists have engaged in this new field and selected a few thermo-photoperiod sensitive male sterile wheat materials.The fertility of male-sterile materials (C49S-87 and C49S-89)under different temperature and photoperiod conditionas was studied by using different sowing time.C49S-8 & and C49S-89 with obvious fertility shift pattern are suitable for two-line system hybrid wheat production.It is found that their fertility is mainly controlled by temperature and is slightly affected by light period.Low temperature and short day-length induce sterility while warm climate and long day-length induce the sterile lines fertile.When the seeds are sowed in early season in Chengdu of China,the plants of C49S are sterile with sterile plant rate up to 100% and average seed sterility and pollen sterility are above 95%.When sowed in late season in Chengdu of China,the plants turn to fertile apparently,and the rates of natural seed setting reaches 78%.The protein content and SDS-sedimentation value of C49S-87 are 15.1% and 55ml,respectively.Through the analysis of the high molecular-weight(HMW) glutenin subunits of endosperm storage protein by using SDS-PAGE technology,it was found that the Glu-D1 loci gene in C49S-87 codes the subunits 5+10 which relates to the good bread making quality.The general combining ability of main agronomic and quality characters in C49S is high.As a female parent,C49S has been crossed with many wheat varieties,and some new two-line hybrid wheat combinations with both high yield and good quality have been preliminarily selected.Some new thermo-photoperiod sensitive genetic male sterile wheat materials have been obtained by using testcross and backcross methods.

关 键 词：小麦温光敏 雄性不育 不育系C49S 小麦 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]