从东灰山新石器遗址古农业遗存探讨黄河流域农业起源和形成  

INVESTIGATION ON THE ORIGIN AND FORMATION OF AGRICULTURE ALONG YELLOW RIVER BASIN ON THE BASIS OF ANCIENT AGRICULTURAL REMAINS AT THE NEOLITHIE SITE OF DONGHUl HILL

作　　者：李璠 李敬仪 卢晔 白品 程华芳 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传研究所 [2]中国科学院遗传所 [3]甘肃省张掖地区行政公署

出　　处：《大自然探索》1989年第3期47-53,139,共8页Discovery of Nature

摘　　要：当我们探讨中国栽培植物起源与进化时,首先要考虑到黄河流域农业文化及其最早历史时期。毫无疑问,我们相信黄河流域农业文化历史在5000年以上,但正史所载则只有3600多年。即殷墟甲骨文被认为最早可信记录,而追溯到史前则大都属于口传。近半个世纪以来,考古学家发掘了遍及全国的新石器时期遗址,但能直接证明黄河流域农作物起源的实物则不多。A survey and investigation of ancient agricultural relics at Donghui Hill neolithic site at Liubaxiang,Mingle county, Gansu province was carried out during July to November of the years 1985 and 1986. Besides the collection of unearthed stone tools for production, such as stone hoe, stone shovel, stone ax, stone sickle, stone rammer, stone acute tool, stone grinder,stone cutting tool,stone scraper,bone—made tools and stone ball at the site,there were also carbonized grains of common wheat,highland barley,sorghum（gaoliang）,millet,African millet as well as some teeth and crushed bone fragments of goat,ox,pig and deer discovered at the profile of cultural ash layer of the site. A stone "ancestor carving" （male organ）was also found there. After determination of the age of those relics found within the cultural ash layer by means of isotope?C-Test technique, the age correction of the annual ring of those relics was 5,000±159 years. It was the first discovery in archaeology that in one ruin site,various productive implements used in ancient agriculture and relics of five main commonly cultivated crops and three domestic animals being raised till present days were to be unearthed. It is worthy to notice that the discovery of above—mentioned common wheat and sorghum （gaoliang） not only filled a vacancy up in long term of archaeological study in China,but also made itself a leadin record as an earliest one in the world of archaeology. The discovery of the stone "ancestor carving"at the site was of great importance too,because that it means the earliest exact evidence relating to the origin of the Chinese ancient character "ZU" （祖）and thereby giving demonstration of historical significance and tradition of ancestry worship in China. The author suggests the importance of the discovery mentioned above is reflection of the development history of agriculture and animal husbandry of Yellow River Valley five thousand years ago in all-round way. It is a new finding which relates to the origin of cultivated

关 键 词：灰山 农业起源 黄河流域 殷墟甲骨文 栽培植物起源 农业文化 新石器时期 彩陶罐 石犁 文物工作队 

分 类 号：N49[自然科学总论]