昆明滇池周边地区印度块菌生态调查(英文)  

Ecological investigation of Tuber indicum around Dianchi Lake in Kunming of Yunnan Province

作　　者：龙月娟[1] 李荣春[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学食用菌研究所,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》2009年第2期192-197,共6页Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：云南省科技厅国际科技合作项目(2006GH06)资助

摘　　要：印度块菌是云南省重要的出口野生菌之一.云南昆明滇池周边地区土壤为富含磷的石灰岩土,属于云南省较早发现印度块菌的地区之一,是该省印度块菌的主要产区之一.作者于2003年11月调查研究了昆明滇池周边地区3个有印度块菌发生的样点的地理、气候、土壤和植被特征,以及块菌产量状况.结果表明,昆明滇池周边地区的气候条件、土壤类型、植被特征等适宜印度块菌生长,无论是人工林、自然林或是天然次生林都可发生印度块菌,这为在造林过程中实现人工培育印度块菌提供了实际证据.在地表落叶层厚的土层中,该菌子囊果发生在落叶层与土壤的交界处,一般来说,单个子囊果体积的2/5位于落叶层中,而另外的3/5则埋在土壤中;在落叶层较稀的地方,如果土壤疏松层较厚,则印度块菌常发生在距土表6 cm左右的疏松土层中;如果土壤疏松层较薄(<3 cm),印度块菌则生长在土壤结实层以上或单个子囊果体积的2/3在疏松层中,而另外的1/3在土壤结实层中.昆明滇池周边地区的印度块菌与云南松、华山松共生,属于外生菌根真菌.在所调查的样方中,华山松林下的印度块菌产量比云南松林的高,人工林的块菌产量比自然纯林的高.其产量与林地中云南松分布密度呈负相关,与华山松分布密度呈正相关.In Yunnan Province, Indian truffle （Tuber indicum Cooke ＆ Massee） is one of the important exported wild mushrooms. Areas around Dianchi Lake （ADL） in Kunming of Yunnan Province are limestone region and rich in phosphorus. T. indicum was found earlier in ADL than in other sites, and ADL is one of the main T. indicum production areas in Yuunan Province. The geo- graphic, climate, soil and vegetation characters and the truffles growth status in three studied sites of ADL were surveyed in Novem- ber, 2003. Results showed that ： the climate condition, soil type, and vegetation character of ADL in Kunming of Yunnan Province were suitable for the development of T. indicum. It could occur in the plantation, natural or natural secondary forests in Kunming ar- eas, which should be a practical evidence that T. indicum might be cultivated artificially in the process of forestation. Moreover, it frequently occurred in weak alkaline red soil in the hmestone regions. In the thick htter layer region, the ascocarp of T. indicum usually occurred around the boundary between litter layers and soil, two fifths of the single ascocarp volume appeared in htter layers, while three fifths of it was in soil. In the thinner litter layers region, T. indicum often occurred in the loose soil that was approximate- ly 6 cm away from the soil surface if the loose soil was relatively thick. If the loose soil was relatively thin （less than 3 cm）, however, T. indicum fruits appeared below loose soil and above the firm soil, or two thirds of the single ascocarp volume in the loose soil and one third of it in the firm soil. It was showed that T. indicum was the symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi of Pinus armandii and P. yunnanensis. We found in a sampling quadrat investigation that the yield of T. indicum in the forest comprised with P. armandii was higher than in P. yunnanensis forest, and higher in the pure plantation than in the natural forests. Simultaneously, T. indicum yield had a negative correlation with the P. yunnanensis distrib

关 键 词：印度块菌 生态 调查 昆明滇池 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]