蛇毒类凝血酶研究进展  

On the Study of Progresses of Thrombin-like Enzymes from Snake Venom

作　　者：林奕心[1] 余晓东[1] 和七一[1] 宋锡迅[1] 李恒[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学生命科学学院重庆市动物生物学重点实验室重庆市生物活性物质工程研究中心,重庆400047

出　　处：《重庆师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2009年第2期27-32,F0003,共7页Journal of Chongqing Normal University:Natural Science

基　　金：重庆市自然科学基金(No.CSTC2006BA503)

摘　　要：对有关蛇毒类凝血酶(SVTLEs)的分布分类、理化性质、酶学性质、结构特征、基因克隆表达、临床应用等方面的研究资料进行了概括和综述。结果发现:SVTLEs主要分布在蝮亚科和蝰科毒蛇的毒液中;根据SVTLEs水解纤维蛋白原释放FPA和FPB的速度不同,可将其分为SVTLE-AB、SVTLE-A和SVTLE-B等3类;多数SVTLEs的分子量在30～50kD,含6个二硫键,pI较低,部分SVTLEs的pI较高;SVTLEs可水解TAME和BAEE,其活性可被DFP和PMSF所抑制,但不被胰蛋白酶trypsin及凝血活性中心His的专一抑制剂TLCK和EDTA抑制;对SVTLEs的一级结构和二级结构研究较多,对高级结构研究有待深入;很多SVTLEs基因在大肠杆菌中成功获得了表达,但表达物不能被糖基化和正确折叠,故没有活性或活性不高,而其在真核表达系统中表达活性较高;部分碳水化合物具有稳定SVTLEs结构及提高SVTLEs的酶活力的作用;SVTLEs的临床应用涉及心肌梗塞、缺血性中风、血栓性疾病等疾病的治疗。SV-TLEs未来的研究重点将集中于其在真核表达系统的表达和对其高级结构的解析。The study data of SVTLEs which is collected by the methods of biochemistry, molecular biology, bioinformatics and so on is summarized systematically in this article. Furthermore, SVTLEs＇ categories and distribution, physic-chemical properties, enzymatic properties, structure features, gene cloning and expressions, and clinical application and so on have been reviewed in the paper. We can find that SVTLEs mainly distribute between the venom of Viperidae and Crotalidae. SVTLEs are divided into three categories, namely, SVTLE-AB, SVTLE-A and SVTLE-B according to the different speeds of releasing fibrinopeptide A and fibrinopeptide B when SVTLEs hydrolyze fibrinogen. Many SVTLEs molecular weights are between 30 kD and 50 kD and have 6 disulfide bonds. Meanwhile, pI of most SVTLEs are lower and some are higher. SVTLEs can hydrolyze TAME and BAEE. Their activity .can be inhibited by DFP and PMSF, but their activity could not be inhibited by TLCK and EDTA--the specific inhibitors of trypsin and blood coagulation active eenter-histidine active center. Meanwhile, Primary structure and secondary structure are more researched, and the higher structure will be the study emphasis in future. Meanwhile, Most genes of SVTLEs are successfully expression in Escherichia coli, but they can not be glycosylated and rightly folded. Therefore, SVTLEs＇ biological activity is either lower or not active in the Escherichia coli expression system, but they are higher in the Eukaryotic expression system. Some carbohydrates can be a stable structure and improve activity of SVTLEs and so on; SVTLEs have been extensively used in patients victims of myocardium infarct, ischemia stroke, thrombosis and so on. So we can make a conclusion that the expression of SVTLEs in the Eukaryotic expression system and the study of their higher structures will be the research emphasis in future.

关 键 词：蛇毒 类凝血酶 SVTLEs 凝血活性 蛋白结构 

分 类 号：R973.1[医药卫生—药品] Q556.9[医药卫生—药学]