对先验论的批判一定导致经验主义吗——兼论詹姆斯对皮尔士哲学理解的误区  

On Whether the Criticism of Apriorism Will Lead to Empiricism——Also on James's Misapprehension of Peirce's Philosophy

作　　者：汪胤[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学人文学院,上海200030

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2009年第2期58-63,共6页Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：上海市教委创新重点项目(09ZS29)

摘　　要：近代西方哲学中的先验论和经验主义似乎是两个对立的观念,前者把某种终极理念作为思想观念的基础,而后者恰恰把行之有效的现实行为活动框架视为人类惟一的观念基础,从而否定任何不可证明的终极理念。不过,令人深思的是:皮尔士哲学在反对先验论和经验主义的同时,既维护了人类关注存在本质问题的可能性,又立足于人类现行的社会实践行为方法,开创了一种全新的哲学观。然而,詹姆斯并未真正理解皮尔士哲学的本意。詹姆斯所确立的实用主义观念,虽具有现代哲学的某些特点,但最终仍是具有心理主义特征的经验主义,这就是所谓的一元论的彻底经验主义。而真正具有反心理主义和反实证主义的皮尔士实用主义方法(其中也体现为现象学方法和形而上学观念)完全被忽视,甚至误解。Apriorism and empiricism are two antagonistic concepts in contemporary western philosophy. The former takes some ultimate ideas as its ideological basis, while the latter regards the effective practical activities as the only human ideological basis, rejecting any unverifiable ultimate idea. It is thought provoking, however, that although Peirce＇s philosophy opposes apriorism and empiricism, it not only allows for people＇s concern for the nature of existence but also advocates current human social practice, starting a brand new philosophy. James, however, misunderstood Peirce＇s philosophy. Although pragmatism initiated by James has some of the characteristics of modern philosophy, it is after all empiricism colored by psychologism, in other words, it is monistic radical empiricism. It totally ignores, or even misunderstands, Peirce＇s pragmatism （inclusive of phenomenological approaches and metaphysical ideas） which is head-on against both psychologism and positivism.

关 键 词：彻底经验主义 心理主义 皮尔士实用主义 

分 类 号：B712.43[哲学宗教—外国哲学]