3种森林凋落物的阴燃特性  

Smoldering Combustion Characteristics of 3 Kinds of Forest Litter

作　　者：李世友[1,2] 马爱丽[1] 王学飞[1] 马瑞杰[3] 张桥蓉[1] 袁俊杰 

机构地区：[1]西南林学院,云南昆明650224 [2]云南省高校森林灾害预警与控制重点实验室,云南昆明650224 [3]江川县林业局,云南江川652600 [4]西南航空护林总站,云南昆明650021

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2009年第1期60-63,78,共5页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：昆明市科技局重点项目(06H114135);云南省青年基金项目(2003C0021Q)

摘　　要：为进一步了解森林凋落物的阴燃特性,为科学地防控森林火灾提供理论依据,用自行设计的燃烧试验床对云南油杉Keteleeria evelyniana、藏柏Cupressustorulosa、黑荆Acacia mearnsii这3种年凋落物积累量大的树木的凋落物进行了阴燃试验,对阴燃过程中的温度变化数据进行了实时采集.通过分析凋落物的物理性质、可燃物床特性及阴燃过程中的温度变化数据,研究了3种凋落物阴燃的引燃特性、持火力和蔓延特性.结果表明:3种凋落物的阴燃特性差别较大,但都具有难以引燃、蔓延速度较慢、高温维持时间较长的特点,朽木具有保存火种作用.根据凋落物的阴燃特性提出了相应的森林消防措施.Smoldering combustion is a unique combustion phenomenon; its spread may cause disasters and damage a forest. In order to determine smoldering combustion characteristics so as to provide a theoretical basis for preventing and controlling forest fire, the paper made some combustion experiments on litters from Keteleeria evelyniana, Cupressus torulosa and Acacia mearnsii with a fuel bed designed by the authors. By analyzing the igniting characteristics, spreading characteristics and maintenance-fire of the litters, the paper also studied their physical properties, fuel bed characteristics and temperature changes. Results show that the smoldering combustion characteristics of the 3 kinds of litter are greatly different from on another but some of the characteristics, such as igniting difficultly, spreading slowly, keeping long time at high temperature and deadwood kindling, are similar. According to the smoldering combustion characteristics, the paper finally put forward some forest-fire protection measures.

关 键 词：森林保护学 凋落物 阴燃 引燃特性 蔓延特性 持火力 

分 类 号：S762[农业科学—森林保护学]