清代前期的龙江、西新关与南京商业  

The Longjiang and Xixin Customs Stations and Commerce in Nanjing in the Early Qing Dynasty

作　　者：许檀[1] 高福美[2] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学中国社会史研究中心教授 [2]南开大学历史学院2007级博士生,天津300071

出　　处：《历史研究》2009年第2期68-81,共14页Historical Research

摘　　要：龙江、西新关均位于南京。清代前期二关税额有大幅度的增长,从清初的5万余两,到乾隆年间增至20余万两,成为长江沿线的重要税关。经由该关流通的商品以竹木、粮食、丝绸等项为大宗,大宗商品的转运贸易构成南京商业的重要组成部分。围绕这些商品的运销,大量客商云集,在南京建立了30多座会馆。物流与人流的聚集带动了相关行业的兴盛,南京本地商人多从事牙行经纪等业,为商品流通服务;城市的饮食服务等业也随之得到发展。乾隆年间,南京已成为一个重要的流通枢纽城市。The Longjiang and Xixin customs stations were both located in Nanjing. In the first half of the Qing dynasty, both enjoyed a substantial increase in tariff revenue, which soared from 50,000 liang of silver at the beginning of the dynasty to over 200,000 liang in the Qianlong reign (1735-1795). They thus became significant customs stations for the area along the Yangtze River. Staple goods circulated through these customs stations included bamboo, timber, grain and silk, and their transshipment constituted an important part of Nanjing’s commerce. Merchants who gathered in Nanjing to transport and sell these commodities set up over thirty guild halls. The concentrated flow of goods and people spurred the development and prosperity of related enterprises; most local merchants were engaged in brokerage houses and other services related to the circulation of goods. The restaurant trade and related businesses shared in this development. Nanjing had developed into an important logistics hub by the Qianlong period.

关 键 词：清代前期 南京 龙江关 西新关 商业 

分 类 号：F729[经济管理—产业经济] K249[历史地理—历史学]