桃树茎直径变化及其与气象因子关系  

Variations of Peach Tree Stem Diameter and Its Relation to Meteorological Factors

作　　者：湛景武[1,2] 汪星[3] 汪有科[1,3] 贺军奇[3] 张平[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]西北农林科技大学,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《生态经济》2009年第5期28-32,36,共6页Ecological Economy

基　　金：国家“863”节水农业重大专项(2002AA2Z4211)

摘　　要：用线性差分径向变化仪连续监测充分灌溉条件下的仕女红桃树茎直径变化,结合同步观测的气象因子数据,分析2007年3月中旬～10月下旬的仕女红桃树茎直径变化规律,为基于果树直径变化的灌溉管理提供基础依据。结果表明:仕女红桃树茎直径具有很好的时间变化规律,日变化曲线呈均匀"U"型,日最大值出现在黎明前后,日最小值出现在下午4时左右;季节变化方面,MDS呈低—高—低变化规律,从萌芽—开花期到果实成熟期的不同生长阶段,MDS平均值依次为87μm、200.84μm、253.75μm、171.67μm、138.67μm和94.34μm,坐果—展叶期和第一次果实膨大期MDS值居全生育期最高,需水量最大。桃树直径生长呈慢—快—慢变化规律,3月中下旬,开始生长,平均日生长量从12.68μm逐渐增加大36.84μm,7月24日～8月23日之间生长最快,平均日生长量达73.67μm,然后迅速下降,到生长末期平均日生长量仅为7.36μm。3～5月和7～9月可分别采用DI和MDS作为灌溉控制指标。茎直径变化与气象因子响应强烈,但不同生长阶段对茎直径变化产生主要影响的气象因子不同,对MDS产生主要影响的气象因子依次为:Rn、Tmax、Tmax、Tmax、RH和Rn,对SCG产生主要影响的气象因子依次为:Tmax、Ta、Tmin、RH、Ta和Ta。全生育期内温度是对直径变化产生影响的最主要气象因子,太阳辐射在全生育期内均与MDS有显著相关性。With Linear variable Differential Transformer （LVDT） sensors continuously and automatically monitoring fullirrigation peach trees stem diameter variation from March to October, 2007, and combining with simultaneous observation of the meteorological data we analyze the rules of ＂Shi Nv Hong＂ Peach trees stem diameter changes. Results are as follows： The rule of diurnal course of stem variation is a ＂U＂-type, MXSD and MISD appears before or after sunrise and the Mid-afternoon, respectively; MDS changes with the seasons and shows a low-high-low law, the mean MDS value in different growth stages is in order of 87μm, 200.84μm, 253.75μm, 171.67μm, 138.67μm and 94.34μm. The highest mean value in the vegetable period is 253.75μm in leafing phase which appears in May. The growth rate has a slow-fast-low rule, it starts to grow in March and its value is 12.76μm, then increases to 36.84μm gradually and reaches to the peak in the period from 7th July to 8th August, and the average daily increase is 73.67μm, the following phase its growth rate becomes slow soon, until the end of the growing period is value is only 7.36μm, Stem diameter variation responds to meteorological factors strongly, but the major impact weather factor is not the same in different growth stages, the factor effected MDS was in order of Rn, Tmax, Tmax, Tmax, RH and Rn ,and the factor effected SCG was in order of Tmax, Ta, Tmin, RH, Ta and Ta. Temperature is the uppermost factor effect stem variation and there is a significant correlation between Rn and MDS in the whole vegetable period.

关 键 词：茎直径变化 日最大收缩量 气象因子 

分 类 号：O157.5[理学—数学] P409[理学—基础数学]