某大学癌症流行病学调查  

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEY ON CANCER IN A UNIVERSITY

作　　者：张龙杰[1] 刘明芳[1] 李斌[1] 刘敏华[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学医院,重庆400715

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2009年第8期1407-1409,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：西南大学重大疾病成因研究基金资助(29800110)

摘　　要：[目的]了解癌症发病及流行状况,为癌症预防提供科学依据。[方法]采用流行病学调查方法,将西南大学1972～2006年所有癌症患者均纳入调查范围,并对校园内居住及工作环境的放射性、微波、水、空气、居室装修等进行检测。[结果]共发现222例癌症患者,男性142例,女性80例,男女之比为1.78︰1。癌症病人年龄平均为(63.23±12.81)岁;排在前5位的癌症依次为肺癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌、胃癌,共计138例,占癌症患者的62.16%。1972～1981年粗发病率年平均85.42/10万,死亡率58.73/10万;1982～1991年粗发病率年平均为159.29/10万,死亡率为110.62/10万;1992～2001年粗发病率年平均为248.15/10万,死亡率为195.17/10万。2002～2006年粗发病率年平均为371.32/10万,死亡率为232.70/10万。2006年教职工粗发病率为345.94/10万,标化发病率为214.61/10万,死亡率为230.63/10万;社区居民粗发病率为198.88/10万,标化发病率为137.91/10万,死亡率为124.30/10万。普查发现仅为13.87%,症状出现查出占81.25%,偶然发现占5.20%。炊事员和某些特殊工种(木工漆工、驾驶员、印刷工)的癌症发病危险高于教学科研、专业技术人员,OR值分别为4.707和2.477(P﹤0.05)。校园内居住及工作环境的放射性、微波、水、空气、居室装修等检测,均在国家规定的正常范围。[结论]我校癌症发病率、死亡率呈逐年上升趋势,粗发病率在国内居于较高水平,但标化率并不高于全国和重庆市区的水平;癌症患者男性显著高于女性;人口老龄化、长期接触有毒有害工种是癌症的危险因素。肺癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌、胃癌是癌症防治工作的重点;改善工作环境与生活方式,定期体检及癌症普查,早发现、早诊断、早治疗,是预防癌症的重要措施。[Objective] To investigate the prevalence and epidemic status of cancer, so as to provide scientific basis for cancer prevention. [Methods] All the patients with cancer in Southwest University from 1972 to 2006 were investigated, and living and working conditions, namely radioactivity, microwave, water, air and house decoration in campus were also detected. [Results] 222 patients were found including 142 male and 80 female, with the male to female ratio of 1.78︰1. The average age of cancer patients ranged from 63.23±12.81. 138 cases with the top five cancers accounted for 62.16%, including lung can- cer, liver cancer, colonic and rectal cancer, breast cancer and stomach cancer. From 1972 to 1981, the average gross mor- bidity （AGM） was 85.42 / 105 and the mortality 58.73 / 105; From 1982 to 1991, the AGM and mortality were 159.29 / 105 and 110.62 / 105, respectively; From 1992 to 2001, the AGM and mortality were 248.15 / 105 and 195.17 / 105, respectively; From 2002 to 2006, the AGM and mortality were 371.32 / 105 and 232.70 / 105, respectively. In 2006, the AGM, standard morbidity and mortality of cancer among faculty were 345.94 / 105, 214.61 / 105 and 230.63 / 105, respectively; AGM standard morbidity and mortality of cancer among residents in communities of Southwest University were 198.88 / 105, 137.91 / 105 and 124.30 / 105. Out of patients with cancer, only 13.87% of them were detected by general examination, 81.25% of them were found with symptoms and 5.20% of them were found by occasion. Cooks and some special types professions （such as carpenters, drivers, printers） were showed significantly higher risk of getting cancer （OR=4.707） than teachers, scientific researchers and technical professionals （OR=2.477）（P﹤0.05）. The levels of radioactivity, microwave, water, air and house decoration in campus’ s living and working condition were below the national normal standard. [Conclusion] the morbidity and mortality of cancer showed an increasing trend year by year in Southwest Univer

关 键 词：癌症 流行病学调查 发病率 标化发病率 预防 

分 类 号：R181.22[医药卫生—流行病学]