北京西安幼儿园儿童膳食及营养状况比较  

Comparison of Dietary and Nutrition Status in Preschool Children in Beijing and Xi'an

作　　者：张华明[1] 刘爱萍[1] 刘宝花[1] 张桂芝[1] 王敬军[2] 渡边孝男 王培玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院社会医学与健康教育系,北京100191 [2]陕西省疾病预防控制中心 [3]日本宫城教育大学

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2009年第4期310-312,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：日本宫城教育大学合作项目

摘　　要：目的了解和评价北京和西安2地幼儿园儿童膳食营养状况,为幼儿合理的膳食营养指导提供科学依据。方法采用双份饭菜法收集幼儿24 h内膳食情况,根据食物成分表计算幼儿24 h内能量和各种营养素的摄入量,并与我国推荐的每日参考摄入量标准进行比较,采用Z评分法进行评价。结果除能量、钙、锌外,北京和西安幼儿园儿童24 h摄入的各种营养素均能达到参考摄入量标准的100%以上;但西安幼儿园儿童维生素A的24 h摄入量未能达到参考摄入量标准的90%。2地学龄前儿童低体重、发育迟缓、消瘦、超重和肥胖的检出率在年龄、地区和性别上差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),低体重、生长迟缓、消瘦、超重和肥胖的检出率分别为0,4.2%,0,3.3%和10.0%。结论北京和西安2地幼儿在饮食结构上存在一定的差异,营养不良问题较少,但营养过剩状况较严重。应根据具体情况进行必要的合理膳食指导。Objective To investigate and evaluate the nutritional status of preschool children in Beijing and Xi＇an, and to provide scientific evidence for children＇s adequate nutrition. Methods Children＇s food and nutrition were collected and surveyed by two-meal method in 24 hours, compared with the criterion of the composition of food in China, and Z scores were calculated to evaluate the nutritional status of preschool children. Resuits The study showed that all the nutrients intake in 24 hours were more than 100% of the RNI except energy, calcium and zinc, and vitamin A intake of the children in Xi＇an were less than 90% of the RNI. No statistical significant difference was found in the prevalence rates of lower weight, retardate development, emaciation, overweight and obesity between ages, regions and genders, and the prevalence rate was 0, 4.2% , 0, 3.3% and 10.0% respectively. Conclusion There are some differences between the preschool children investigated in Beijing and Xi＇an. Although there is fewer of malnutrition, overnutrition of the children are still serious. The nutritional dietary intake should be directed rationally for the children.

关 键 词：膳食调查 营养状况 体格检查 对比研究 儿童 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R153.2[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]