川藏公路南线典型冰湖及其溃决危险性评价  

Risk Assessment of Glacial-lake Outburst Along the South Section of Sichuan-Tibet Highway

作　　者：郭国和[1] 程尊兰[2] 吴国雄[1] 党超[2] 刘晶晶[2] 

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学土木建筑学院,重庆400074 [2]中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610041

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2009年第2期50-55,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40771024);交通部西部交通建设科技项目(200631879284)

摘　　要：川藏公路南线(西藏境内)帕隆藏布流域内分布有大量的冰湖,随着全球气候变暖和冰川退缩,冰湖溃决及由此引发的其它次生灾害对西藏地区经济社会的可持续发展产生了很大的危害。在前人研究和分析LandsatTM卫星遥感资料的基础上,再进行川藏公路南线典型冰湖现场调查、访问、勘测,分析了典型冰湖的形态特征和影响冰湖溃决的主导因素,重点探讨了典型冰湖的溢流状态、冰碛堤的稳定性、冰川的活动规律及其影响,最后得出川藏公路南线典型冰湖溃决的危险性评价,即光谢错溃决危险性较大,一旦溃决将给下游地区带来巨大的灾难;多依错溃决的危险性较小。基于危险性评价结果,建议米堆沟下游采取相应的应对措施以减轻冰湖溃决泥石流的危害。There are a number of glacial lakes in Palongcangbu basin along the south section of the Sichuan- Tibet highway （in Tibet）. Due to global warming and increasing melting of glaciers in recent decades, glacial lake outbursts and the resulting hazards have caused catastrophic disasters. Based on the previous researches, Landsat TM satellite remote sensing images, and field surveys, several typical glacial lakes have been studied in details. Focus is put on the major factors impacting the dam-break, including the geometric shape of the lake, the overflow regime, the stability of ice moraine dam, and the activity of glaciers. It is concluded that Guangxie lake is of the highest potential of break to cause huge disaster, and Duoyi lake is the next. Based on the risk assessment, it is proposed to take countermeasures to mitigate the debris flow harm of Midui gully.

关 键 词：川藏公路南线 冰湖 溃决 危险性评价 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学] U412[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]