乡愁与共同误识——析福克纳小说中美国南方的乡愁情结  

Nostalgia and Misconception in the Common Belief——Interpretation of the Southern Nostalgia in Faulkner's Novels

作　　者：查日新[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学外语学院,四川成都610064

出　　处：《中北大学学报（社会科学版）》2009年第2期18-23,共6页Journal of North University of China：Social Science Edition

摘　　要：在福克纳的南方小说中,南方旧家族对现时世界的拒斥,对传统世界的认同表现为一种乡愁形式——对失落的精神家园的回归。此种回归不仅是情感上的怀旧,它也包含了南方乡愁实践者之文化诉求和认知模式。本文旨在说明:南方的乡愁企图在南方和北方、过去和现在、白人和黑人之间划出清楚的界线、区隔出等级,对南方传统中的共同信念予以坚守,对"外来"的、异质的因素予以拒斥;试图通过美化、过滤、遮蔽"罪恶"和割裂时间等手段来"重构"业已解体的南方秩序。这种乡愁实则为共同误识所驱动,谬误之处在于其自我中心性,不愿承认时间进程带来的变化,对南方传统中的悖谬、暴虐和罪恶没有进行反省和批判,相反极力粉饰过去,想证明旧秩序的合理性与合法性。因此,在反省、批判意识缺失的情况下,南方的乡愁表现为同一性认同、区隔"我"与"他者"、排斥差异的功利化利益行为,非但不能清算过去的罪恶,反而因在无反思的乡愁中遮蔽罪恶而使自身的行为被罪恶所污染。In Faulkner＇ s southern novels, the rejection of the present world and the return to the traditional world on the part of the old families indicate a particular type of nostalgia -a returning to the spiritual home. Yet this return is not just an emotional tie to the past, it also reveals its practitioners＇ cultural claim and their cognitive mode. This paper is envisaged to disclose that the nostalgia in the southern sense attempts to draw a border-line between the South and the North, between the past and the present, between whites and blacks; to make a hierarchical distinction of order; to insist on the common belief established in the Southern tradition while rejecting any external, alien elements. Such nostalgia resorts to means of drawing border-lines, filtration, beautification, and time splitting in the hope of reconstructing the lost Southern order. Nevertheless the fallacy of doing so lies in its self-centeredness, in its denial of the changes, in its absence of reflection on the criticism of the fallacies, outrages and evils in the Southern tradition, in its apparent attempt to justify the old order. Therefore, with the absence of reflection and criticism, the nostalgia in the southern sense is an indiscriminate identification with homogeneity, a distinction of ＂I＂ and the ＂Other＂, a rejection of differences on the basis of self-interests. Consequently, it can not expose the evils of the past, and furthermore, due to its uncritical concealment of the evils, it continues to be contaminated by the evils.

关 键 词：乡愁 误识 罪恶 遮蔽 自我中心 

分 类 号：I14[文学—世界文学]