纳米材料的生物负效应研究进展  

Research progress on the negative effects of nanomaterials on biological systems

作　　者：于荣丽[1] 孙铁珩[1,2] 胡晓钧[2] 

机构地区：[1]东北大学资源与土木工程学院,沈阳110004 [2]沈阳大学污染环境的生态修复与资源化技术教育部重点实验室,沈阳110044

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2009年第2期121-124,共4页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家863计划重大项目(2007AA06A405);污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室开放课题(PCRRF08001)

摘　　要：将纳米材料作用对象分为陆生生物、水生生物和细菌3类,总结常见纳米材料如碳纳米管、富勒烯、量子点、二氧化钛、纳米铁材料和纳米铝材料等生物负效应的最新研究成果,并对纳米材料安全性研究的发展方向进行展望。纳米材料安全性研究还需要加强分子水平上生物致毒效应的研究;应深入研究纳米材料的毒性机制;积极开展纳米毒性消除的化学与物理研究;研究有关纳米材料的危害评价和表征;研究纳米材料在环境和生物链中的迁移过程、持续时间、形态转化和再循环等的影响因素。The present paper is to give a comprehensive review over the research progress in the negative effects of nanomaterials on biological systems. As is seen, with the rapid development of nanotechnology, the nanomaterials have been more and more widely used in various fields, such as in electronics, medicine, materials for different purposes, etc. Thus, the chance that people make contact with nanomaterials is quickly going up. Whereas nanomaterials are getting more and more popular with their unique physical and chemical properties, they may also lead to unpredictable effects on biological systems. Great concerns have been found from all parts of the world from the point of view of the environmental and biological safety with the mysterious materials still unknown to many. As a matter of fact, some research results and data have been gained in resent years, already noticing that they may have effects on some experimental objects, including mammal, aquatic, plant, bacteria, human body, etc. Study range has gone deep into apparatus, tissue, cell, molecule and gene. Seeing the need, this paper primarily summarizes the domestic and international studies on the toxicity of the manufactured nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, fullerene, titanium dioxide, quantum dots, nano-iron materials, nano-aluminium materials, etc. This paper also wants to orient the future research on the safety of nanomaterials, particularly, on the ways as to how to reinforce the research on the toxicity of the manufactured nanomaterials at molecular level; intensify the research on the toxicity mechanism of the manufactured nanomaterials; develop science methods to reduce the toxicity of the manufactured nanomaterials, and keep pace with the fast research advances so as to make the material serve us in a more satisfactory way by evading the disadvantageous characteristics through the continuous modification.

关 键 词：环境科学 纳米材料 生物安全性 负效应 

分 类 号：TB383[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] X17[环境科学与工程—环境科学]