废弃韭菜在垄沟水中的腐解特征及其水环境效应  

The Character of Discarded Chinese Chive's Decomposition in the Furrow and Its Effect on Water Environment

作　　者：张瑞杰[1,2] 胡正义[2,3] 林国林[1] 吴永红[2] 殷小锋[2,4] 陆海燕[2] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁沈阳110161 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [3]中国科学院研究生院,江苏南京210008 [4]南京农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100049

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2009年第2期213-218,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"863"项目(2005AA601010-02);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-YW-N-038)

摘　　要：废弃韭菜垄沟原位腐解是滇池北岸韭黄生产过程中废弃物处置的普遍方式,这种粗放的废弃韭菜处置方式是引起滇池水富营养化的主要原因之一。通过田间调查和室内培养试验,探讨了废弃韭菜在垄沟水中腐解特征及其对周边水净化植物生长的影响。结果表明,有废弃韭菜腐解的垄间沟渠水体TN,NO3--N,NH4+-N,TP,CODCr浓度分别是无韭菜腐解的垄间沟渠水的15.5,4.4,24.1,5.5,8.3倍,表明韭菜腐解导致垄沟水质严重恶化。室内培养实验表明,随着培养时间延长,水中TN,NO3--N,NH4+-N,TP,H2PO4--P,CODCr浓度逐渐增加,第12 d水中TN,NO3--N,NH4+-N浓度达最大,然后逐渐下降;而磷(TP,H2PO4--P)和CODCr浓度达到最大时间分别是6和15 d;韭菜腐解导致水pH明显下降。水体铵浓度过高导致垄间水体净化植物满江红、青萍中毒,12 d后满江红全部死亡,青萍也有中毒迹象,到第15 d死亡率也达到60%。In-situ decomposition of Chinese chives discarded in the furrow, which is a general phenomenon for treatment of the waste material formed during the hotbed chives production in northern bank of Dianchi lake, is one of the main reasons for eutrophication in Dianchi lake. Through field and indoor incubation experiment, this paper discusses the decomposition characteristics of Chinese chives in the furrow water and their effects on growth of the purifying plants. The results show that the contents of total nitrogen （TN） in the water for the furrow discarded with Chinese chives is as 15.5 times as that without Chinese chives, and that the contents of nitrate （NO3^--N）, ammonium （NH4^＋-N）, total phosphorus （TP）, chemical oxygen demand （CODc,） is as 4.4, 24. 1, 5. 5, 8. 3 times, respectively. It is shown that decomposition of Chinese chives cause deterioration of water seriously. The cultivation experiment showed that the concentration of TN, NO3^--N, NH4^＋ -N, TP, dihydrogen phosphate （H2PO4^--P）, CODer increased with the incubating time going on, up to the peak on the 12th day, then gradually declined. The contents of P（TP,H2PO4^--P） reached the peak on the 6th day, and CODer on the 15th day. The decomposition led to the water＇s pH decreased obviously. High contents of NH4^＋-N damaged the purifying plants, Azolla imbricate and Lemna minor. Azolla imbricate all died after 12 days, Lernna minor also appeared signs of poison, and by the 15th day mortality rate reached 60%.

关 键 词：废弃韭菜 腐解 水污染 

分 类 号：X131.2[环境科学与工程—环境科学]