第一哲学与伦理学——对莱布尼茨《单子论》的实践哲学解读  

The First Philosophy and Ethics——Interpreting Leibniz's Monadism with the philosophy of practice

作　　者：邓安庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院,上海200433

出　　处：《江苏行政学院学报》2009年第3期19-25,共7页The Journal of Jiangsu Administration Institute

基　　金：作者所承担的国家哲学社会科学基金项目(批准号为04BZX052);教育部"国外马克思主义与国外思潮研究"基地项目<后启蒙时代的伦理结构转型>课题(EYH3155071)的前期成果

摘　　要：以前的教科书上一般都把近代的形而上学说成是以"认识论"作为第一哲学的"知性而上学",通过对莱布尼茨《单子论》的解读发现,《单子论》根本不是一部认识论的著作,而是一种典型的"实体论"形而上学。这种实体论又不是以"已成"实体来构成单纯外在物体世界或内在灵魂世界的机械论形而上学,而是以内在行动为原则赋予实体本身以内在的生命运动,从而在实体的生命运动过程中从"自然世界"开辟出一个"道德世界"的实践的形而上学。从这种实践的形而上学蕴含的伦理-政治维度中,我们可以发现这种形而上学的现代性意义,同时它也处在第一哲学与伦理学之关系转变的起点上。由此我们可以看出,真正的形而上学之可能性不在其自身的实体构造上,而在伦理学中。莱布尼茨这样做了,却无能对此获得明确的意识,他的形而上学不可避免地还带有知性形而上学的独断性,因此他不得不承当旧形而上学的骂名。In former textbooks, modem metaphysics is called rational metaphysics in which epistemology is the first philosophy but through interpreting Leibniz＇s Monaclism, we find that it is totally not a book of epistemology but a typical metaphysics of ontology. This kind of ontology isn＇t the mechanistic philosophy, in which existing substance does not constitute pure outer physical world or inner soul world but a practical metaphysics, in which substance itself is given inner movement of life with the principle of inner action so as to create a moral world from the natural world. In the ethic-politics dimension horn in the metaphysics, we can discover its modem meaning and the turning point from the first philosophy to ethics. Therefore, we can see that the possibility of real metaphysics is not in its substantial structure but in ethics. Although Leibniz achieved this but was unable to get positive awareness so his metaphysics carries inevitably arbitrary rational metaphysics and is criticized as the old metaphysics.

关 键 词：单子论 行动 实践的形而上学 伦理-政治维度 

分 类 号：B516.22[哲学宗教—外国哲学]