禾本科三个物种花粉粒及叶片扫描电镜观察  

Scanning Electron Microscope Observation of Pollen Grain Morphology and Leaf Epiderm Shape of Three Gramineae Triticeae Species

作　　者：张珊珊[1] 周印富[1] 林小虎[1] 秦素平[1] 张燕[1] 张志雯[1] 王秋涛[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北科技师范学院,河北秦皇岛066004 [2]河北省保定职业技术学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2009年第10期4471-4473,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金："十一.五"国家重大科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD02A08-9);河北省科学技术研究与发展计划项目(06230105);河北省教育厅科学研究计划项目(2006425);唐山市科学技术研究与发展计划项目(08120201A-8)

摘　　要：[目的]比较八倍体小黑麦、二倍体黑麦以及普通小麦的微形态特征,探讨它们的染色体组倍性及亲缘关系。[方法]利用扫描电子显微镜对二倍体黑麦、普通小麦和八倍体小黑麦的花粉粒和叶片表面形态与微结构进行观察与比较。[结果]二倍体黑麦、普通小麦和八倍体小黑麦的花粉粒和叶片表面微观形态存在明显的差异,且八倍体小黑麦的一些微观形态特征介于二倍体黑麦和普通小麦之间。通过对比发现,三者的花粉粒大都为近圆形,在萌发孔和表面饰纹上有明显的差异,萌发孔从大到小依次为普通小麦、八倍体小黑麦、二倍体黑麦;在叶片下表皮特征、气孔大小和特征以及刺毛等方面,八倍体小黑麦都要明显不同于普通小麦和二倍体黑麦。[结论]花粉粒和叶片表面形态与微结构可作为区分种属差异的一项指标,同时对鉴定利用染色体工程创造的不同倍性新的多倍体物种以及研究物种的亲缘关系具有一定的参考价值。[Objective] The micro-structure of rye,common wheat and Octoploid Trititrigia was compared in order to explore their ploidy and relation.[Method] The pollen grain morphology,leaf epiderm shape and micro-structure of rye,common wheat and Octoploid Trititrigia were observed with the scanning electron microscope（SEM）.[Results] The results revealed that there were great differences in the microcosmic morphology of pollen and leaf epiderm among three species.Such characteristics of Octoploid Trititrigia were between those of Common wheat and rye.Most of three kinds of the pollen grain were near circular aperture and there was the obvious difference in the size of germination pore and surface microhyla and the order of the size of germination pore was ordinary wheat〉octoploid triticale〉diploid rye.There was obviously difference in the feature of leaf epidermis,the size and feature of stomata and seta of between octoploid Triticale and ordinary wheat,rye.[Conclusion] The morphology of pollen grain and leaf epidermis shape could be used as an index for taxonomy for genera and species,and had somewhat scientific references to identify new multi-ploidy species created with the technique of chromosome engineering.

关 键 词：禾本科植物 花粉 叶表皮 扫描电镜 

分 类 号：S326[农业科学—作物遗传育种]