不同负重超等长练习下肢各关节作用分析  

Analysis on Lower Extremity Joint Functions during Plyometric Exercise with Different Loads

作　　者：井兰香[1] 刘宇[1] 田石榴[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院运动科学学院,上海200438

出　　处：《体育科学》2009年第5期50-53,58,共5页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(10672105;30871210);上海市科学技术委员会科研计划项目(08490512700);上海市重点学科建设资助项目(S30802)

摘　　要：目的:研究不同负重超等长练习髋、膝、踝关节平均净关节力矩,比较下肢各关节的贡献度,探讨不同负重超等长练习对下肢各关节肌肉力量和爆发力的影响;方法:对16名篮球运动员进行不同负重的下肢超等长练习,采用VICON和三维测力台采集不同负重超等长练习动作的运动学和动力学数据,并经标准逆向动力学计算下肢净关节力矩;结果:无负重超等长练习膝关节贡献度最大,加载不同负重后的超等长练习髋关节贡献度明显增加。关节贡献度的升高与负重的增加并无线性关系;结论:无负重超等长练习优先发展膝关节肌快速力量;低负重超等长练习主要发展髋关节肌肉绝对力量和爆发力;较大负重超等长练习主要发展髋关节肌肉绝对力量。The purpose of this study was to investigate the average net joint moments of hip, knee, and ankle during plyornetric weight exercise, compare each of the joint contributions and analysis the effects of plyometric weight exercise on the development of muscle strength and power of lower extremity. Method; Sixteen basketball players performed plyometric exercise with different weights. A VICON motion analysis system and a force plate were used to collect kinematics and kinetics data. Inverse dynamics technique was used to calculate the net joint moment at hip, knee, and ankle. Result.. During plyometric exercise, knee joint was the dominant contributor under the condition of zero loads. Hip contribution increased significantly with the increase of the loads. There ＇s no linear relationship between joint contributions and loads. Conclusion： During plyometric exercise, maximal strength and power of knee could be preliminarily developed, muscle strength and power of hip was dominantly developed with lower loads, and absolute muscle strength of hip was demanded with higher loads.

关 键 词：超等长训练 关节贡献度 净关节力矩 支撑力矩 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]