英汉作格动词语义、句法及其界面比较  

The semantics and syntax of English and Chinese ergative verbs and their interface:A comparative study

作　　者：王文斌[1] 罗思明[1] 刘晓林[1] 于善志[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2009年第3期193-201,共9页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

基　　金：国家社科规划基金(06BYY005)阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：本项研究发现,英汉作格动词的语义是"三义一体":行为义、使役义和结果状态义,而且结果状态义的语义指向必须是宾论元。英语单词素作格动词的语义是内孕式,而汉语动结式作格动词的语义则具有外孕式特征。其次,英汉作格动词的句式虽受动词语义的映射,但并非动词的全部语义都会映射到句式上,而是部分的或有选择性的,表现出核心语义的相对性和游移性。其三,作格动词的语义内容是一个作格动词有别于其他动词类别而在语言中获得其独特存在价值的动词语义部分,属于词际或词类之间的关系,而其语义结构则使得一个动词往往具有不同的句法行为,属于词内的多义关系。其四,英汉作格动词特定句式的择用,取决于动词内在语义特性的内趋力和语言使用者对所表达事物认知取向的外驱力这"二力"的互动作用。The following observations have been made by the present research.Firstly,English and Chinese ergative verbs contain the three meanings of action,cause-become and result-state,and the semantic direction of the re-sult-state meaning is the object argument.The meanings of English mono-morphemic ergative verbs are often self-contained,while those of Chinese resultative-compounding ones are contained in the second morpheme.Second-ly,the lexical meanings of both English and Chinese ergative verbs are mapped onto their syntactic structures,but the mapping is no more than partial or selective.It thus reveals that the core meanings of a verb for particular syntactic behaviours are both relative and indeterminate.Thirdly,the semantic content of an ergative verb is the lexical meanings that enable a verb to be different from other verb types and thus obtain its unique value for its existence in a language.It bears the interrelationship between verbs or verb types.However,the semantic struc-ture of an ergative verb enables a verb to demonstrate different syntactic structures,representing the polysemous interrelationship of a verb.Fourthly,a particular syntactic structure of an ergative verb is decided by the lexical disposition of the verb and the externally-driven force,i.e.by the internal semantic property of the verb and the cognitive preference shown by the language user when he intends to express a particular event.

关 键 词：作格动词 语义 句法 界面 内趋力 外驱力 

分 类 号：H04[语言文字—语言学]