论明清海盐产区赈济制度的建设  

On the Relief System in Sea Salt Producing Areas in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：王日根[1] 吕小琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学历史系,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2009年第3期54-61,共8页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

摘　　要：明清海盐产区较农业区域遭遇更多的灾害袭击,但海盐产区赈济制度建设却显得较农业区域落后,不过也呈现出逐渐制度化的倾向。在制度化之前,明前期,曾采行过免征当年或拖欠的盐课、折纳绢或布、在他场煎盐补课等办法;明中后期,则多由盐运使动用运司库内余银、工本银、挑河银、余盐银、赃罚银等赈济灾灶,偶尔直接让他场代办盐课;清前期,政府已采取补赈办法补偿灾民,或由他场代纳,或由灶民输谷备灾,或动用盐义仓米麦赈济,最后走向了"照民田则例"。Sea salt-producing areas suffered more disasters than agricultural areas in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but relief system there seemed mere backward. A tendency to institutionalize it began to appear in the early Ming Dynasty. Some methods had been adopted such as the exemption of annual tax or levying it in the form of silk cloth, or decocting salt in other fields, In the middle and late Ming dynasty the Transportation Division often distributed meney from the office to the victims as relief and occasionally levy salt taxes other areas instead. The Qing government had taken approaches as compensation for victims of disaster, or levied the taxes in other areas, or prepared some cereal for relief purpose and distributed wheat and rice. Finally rules according to peasants＇ land tax were established.

关 键 词：明清时期 海盐产区 赈济制度 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]