东北地区矿业城市社会就业脆弱性分析  

Vulnerability of urban employment of mining cities in Northeast China

作　　者：李鹤[1,2] 张平宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130012 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039

出　　处：《地理研究》2009年第3期751-760,共10页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(40635030);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2004CB418507-2)资助项目;国家自然科学基金资助项目(40471038)

摘　　要：利用"脆弱性"这一新的研究范式对东北地区矿业城市社会就业问题进行了分析,认为东北地区矿业城市社会就业具有典型的脆弱性特征。从矿业城市社会就业的敏感性及其应对下岗失业问题的能力两方面建立社会就业脆弱性评价指标体系,结合BP人工神经网络模型和脆弱性评价指数模型对东北地区矿业城市社会就业脆弱性进行了评价。结果表明东北地区矿业城市社会就业敏感性普遍较高,不同矿业城市应对下岗失业问题的能力差异较大,二者之间并无明显相关关系,应对下岗失业问题能力的强弱在决定东北地区矿业城市社会就业脆弱性程度方面作用更为明显;东北地区不同资源类型、不同发展阶段的矿业城市社会就业脆弱性差异较为明显,石油类矿业城市社会就业脆弱性相对较低,煤炭类矿业城市社会就业脆弱性普遍较高,老年期矿业城市社会就业脆弱性普遍高于中、幼年期矿业城市。As a new research frontier in the domain of sustainability science and global environment change since the 1990s, ＂Vulnerability＂ provides a valuable research paradigm on the regional sustainable development. Mining cities, which have been and will be an important power to regional and national development of China, are confronted with complex problems on the regional sustainable development. Among these problems, urban employment of mining cities during the process of adjustment of regional and national economic structure since the 1990s has been an important factor which induces social instability. Based on the research paradigm of ＂vulnerability analysis＇, the paper intends to study the urban employment of mining cities in a new way. Taking 14 typical mining cities of Northeast China as examples, first, the paper analyzed the elements and characteristics of employment vulnerability of mining cities in Northeast China, and then based on the data from statistical yearbooks of these regions and other correlated statistics, the influencing factors and disparities of employment vulnerability of mining cities in Northeast China were analyzed by integrating BP neural network with vulnerability index. The paper concludes that urban employment of mining cities in Northeast China is of typical vulnerable characteristics for their high sensitivity and lack of resources and effective ways to cope with the unemployment problem. To indicate the disparities of employment vulnerability of different mining cities, 16 indicators are selected to signify the sensitivity and response capacity of the mining city, and BP neural network and vulnerability index are integrated to rank the employment vulnerability degree of these mining cities. The results show that the correlated relationship between sensitivity and response capacity of these mining cities is not prominent, urban employment of most mining cities is of high sensitivity, the difference among the response capacity of different mining cities to unemployment is o

关 键 词：矿业城市 社会就业 脆弱性 BP神经网络 东北地区 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济]