加勒比岛屿的森林火灾  

Forest Fires in the Insular Caribbean

作　　者：A.Marcus J.Robbins Claus-Martin Eckelmann Maya Quinoes 梁虹 

机构地区：[1]联合国粮农组织(FAO) [2]波多黎各圣胡安国际热带林业研究所

出　　处：《AMBIO－人类环境杂志》2008年第7期459-465,共7页

摘　　要：本文概述了加勒比岛屿的林火情况。资料来自于地方管理报告和公开发布的地区性中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)卫星活动火产品(active fire products)。土地管理报告的林火数量和MODIS林火信息资源管理系统数据中的起火点之间具有显著差异。这些差异的原因还有待深入研究。虽然加勒比地区林火统计数据普遍缺乏,但大体观察表明:林火主要发生在干旱森林(年均降水量500～1000 mm)。这些也是人类定居点最多的地方。低地乔木和山地森林的降水量较多(每年1000mm以上),不易发生林火,但林火在特别干旱的年份也可能发生。加勒比地区大部分干旱森林生态系统属于火敏感型生态系统,但加勒比地区(古巴、多米尼加共和国和巴哈马)松林为火依赖性生态系统。在火敏感型生态系统中,通常火灾失控燃烧有利于外来入侵物种的扩散。2005～2006年,联合国粮农组织制定了加勒比地区火灾管理合作战略。这一区域战略旨在鼓励生态环境类似的国家之间密切合作,以加强加勒比地区的火灾管理网络。该战略鉴别了一系列旨在加强加勒比地区的野火管理能力的研究、培训和管理活动。This paper presents a summary of the forest fire reports in the insular Caribbean derived from both management reports and an analysis of publicly available Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrodiometer (MODIS) satellite active fire products from the region.A vast difference between the amount of fires reported by land managers and fire points in the MODIS Fire Information for Resource Management System data can be observed.Future research is recommended to better understand the nature of these differences.While there is a general lack of available statistical data on forest fires in the Caribbean,a few general observations can be made:Forest fires occur mainly in dry forest types (500 to 1000mmof mean annual rainfall).These are also the areas where most human settlements are located.Lowland high forests and montane forests with higher rainfall (1000 and more mm y(^-1)) are less susceptible to forest fire,but they can burn in exceptionally dry years.Most of the dry forest ecosystems in the Caribbean can be considered to be fire-sensitive ecosystems,while the pine forests in the Caribbean (Cuba,Dominican Republic,and the Bahamas) are maintained by wildfires.In fire-sensitive ecosystems,uncontrolled burning often encourages the spread of alien invasive species.A Caribbean Fire Management Cooperation Strategy was developed between 2005 and 2006 under auspices of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.This regional strategy aims to strengthen Caribbean fire management networking by encouraging closer collaboration among countries with similar ecological conditions.The strategy for the Caribbean identifies a number of research,training,and management activities to improve wildfire management capacity in the Caribbean.of the United Nations. This regional strategy aims to strengthen Caribbean fire management networking by encouraging closer collaboration among countries with similar ecological conditions. The strategy for the Caribbean identifies a number of research,training,and management activities

关 键 词：森林火灾 岛屿 森林生态系统 中分辨率成像光谱仪 加勒比地区 信息资源管理系统 外来入侵物种 地方管理 

分 类 号：F270.7[经济管理—企业管理] S762.3[经济管理—国民经济]