衡水湖自然保护区湿地恢复预案的生态环境需水研究  

Eco-environmental Water Requirement based on Scheme of Wetland Restoration in Hengshui National Nature Reserve

作　　者：黎聪[1] 王冀[1] 李晓文[1] 白军红[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院水环境模拟国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《资源科学》2009年第5期772-779,共8页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:40671072);国家重点基础发展计划(编号:2006CB403305)

摘　　要：本研究设定了3个预案,即:①湿地恢复为主,生境改造为辅,基本不改变湿地原来地形地貌;②生境改造为主、湿地恢复为辅;③湿地恢复与生境改造并重;在这3个预案的基础上,满足南水北调水资源调度规划的前提下,通过生态环境需水理论和计算方法分析衡水湖地区3个预案及现状生态环境需水量,并在3个预案之间进行比选。基于不同湿地恢复目标导向,给出了备选的土地利用规划方案及其需水后果分析,3种情况下生态环境需水量均大于现状的生态环境需水量,其中预案一生态环境需水量在3个预案中居中,对跨区域调水压力一般;预案二生态环境需水量最小,对南水北调工程调度压力处于最小;预案三生态环境需水量最大,调水压力相对最大。因此,单从生态环境需水方面来讲,采用生境改造为主、湿地恢复为辅的预案更合适,以湿地恢复和生境改造并重的预案较不合适。On the basis of three different plans for wetland restoration, which were： 1） to focus on wetland restoration and regard habitat alteration as auxiliary task; 2） to center upon habitat alteration and give attention to wetland restoration; 3） to pay equal attention to both habitat alteration and wetland restoration, we designed three corresponding schemes under the condition of PRC South to North Water Project. By using eco-hydrological method, we calculated the smallest eco-environmental water requirement, sustaining the basic ecological functions of wetland ecosystem, which mainly included wetland plant, wetland soil, groundwater recharge, water habitat and pollutant dilution. Through comparison, we evaluated present condition and the three schemes, which laid a scientific foundation and gave decision-making support to the development planning of the reserve. The results indicated that scheme 2 put the least pressure on water resource, while scheme 3 put the most. The area of open water in Scheme 1 reached 7 207.32 hm2 and became the largest open water habitat, and that of scheme 2 and scheme 3 were 3 695.62ha and 7 013.72ha respectively, which entirely exceeded the eco-environmental water requirement of present status. The area of reed marsh were 2 227.91ha, 2 522.26ha and 2 235.21ha in scheme 1, 2 and 3 respectively, while that of present situation was 2 399.67 ha. Accordingly, the general wetland area of the three schemes was 108, 42 and 118 percentage points higher than their present sizes respectively. In conclusion, viewing from the point of eco-environmental water requirement, the scheme of centering upon habitat alteration and giving attention to wetland restoration was the optimal choice, for it demanded the least eco-environmental water and held the largest reed marsh habitat. By contrast, the scheme of paying equal attention to both habitat alteration and wetland restoration was the least suitable, because its water body was less than that of scheme 1, but its restored meadow consumed higher e

关 键 词：衡水湖 湿地恢复 预案设计 生态环境需水 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学] TV68[水利工程—水利水电工程]