建立我国生态补偿制度的思考  

Considerations on the establishment of ecological compensation mechanism in China

作　　者：韩德梁[1,2] 刘荣霞[3] 周海林[3] 韩烈保[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学草坪研究所,北京100083 [2]贵州大学动物科学学院,贵州贵阳550025 [3]中国21世纪议程管理中心,北京100101

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2009年第2期799-804,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2006BAC18B04-1);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2006AA10Z132)

摘　　要：当前,我国现行的生态补偿制度中还存在部门管理不当、政策不连续、缺乏群众参与、补偿金过低、资金使用未完全体现生态补偿等诸多问题,需要依据生态补偿的外部性理论,从市场调节、财政转移支付、保证金制度、协商机制等途径入手,因地制宜地选择适当的途径并综合利用其它途径的便利之处,推动生态补偿制度建设的顺利进行。此外,急需政府从政策层面上给予大力支持和观念上的引导。包括:①建立"环境财政"制度;设立环境转移支付专项资金列入财政预算,加大生态补偿和生态环保的支持力度;②完善相关的税收政策,确立普遍征收为主的征收机制,扩大征收范围,调整税率;③改变由政府单一买单的财政转移支付制度模式,建立起地方、民间、企业和个人等多种渠道的融资体制;④倡导建立绿色GDP的核算体系和绿色审计制度;⑤逐步建立健全《生态补偿法》,建立生态环境评估体系,完善环境执法监督管理体系;⑥尽快完成从"生态补偿"到"生态赔偿"的观念转变。Ecological environmental protection is a common concerned topic all over the world. The ecological environment condition is getting worse day by day, therefore, China is confronted with a severe challenge on issues of society and development in future. Paving the sustainable development and coordinating regional development, pursuing the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, which all are our certain choice. At present, many problems of department misgoverning, policy discrete, lack of mass participating in, compensation fund little, fund utilization lack of embodying with ecological compensation are existed in our ecological compensation system and practices. Facing those problems, selecting a fitting approaches from market regulation, fiscal transfer payment, bail policy, mechanism of cooperative ways according to the externality theories of ecological compensation, and promoting our national ecological compensating mechanism construction successfully. Moreover, government should impart support at the policy level and guidance on the concept urgently. Including, ①Setting up an system of environment financial and environ- mental transfer payment special fund to financial budget, increasing ecological compensation and ecological environmental protection support. ②Improving correlative tax policy, establishing collection mechanism based universal charge, expanding the tax bound and adjusting the tax rate. ③Changing onefold pattern of finance transfer payment by government previously, establishing a multi-channel financing system by nongovernmental corporation and individuals. ④Advocating establishment of a green GDP accounting system and green auditing system. ⑤Establishing and improving the ecological compensation law gradually, setting up environmental assessment system, improving supervision management system of environmental law enforcement.⑥Transforing the concept of from＇ecological compensation ＇to ＇ecological amends＇as soon as possible.

关 键 词：环境保护 生态补偿 和谐社会 政策 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]