基于栅格数据的耕地测土配方施肥技术研究  

Research on Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendations Technology Based on Grid Data

作　　者：唐秀美[1,2] 赵庚星[3] 陈百明[1] 路庆斌[4] 宋伟[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018 [4]中国环境科学研究院,北京100102

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2009年第6期975-983,共9页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家级“星火计划”重点项目(2007EA740002);国家自然科学基金(40571160);“十一五”国家科技支撑项目(2006BAD10A10)资助

摘　　要：论文以山东广饶县为例,进行了基于栅格数据的耕地测土配方施肥技术研究。利用GIS技术对研究区域养分采集样点进行插值,得到县域氮、磷、钾养分含量分布图,然后对县域目标产量区划图,土壤养分校正系数分布图,县域氮、磷、钾肥料利用率分布图进行栅格化处理,图件栅格大小为50 m×50 m,数量为1145×1684个。研究区域耕地面积为61609.51 hm2,每个栅格代表的面积是0.032 hm2。最后在GIS中对栅格图件进行计算,得到每个栅格的施肥量,进而得到施肥配方。结果表明,栅格数据具有较高的表达精度,研究结果对耕地利用和施肥工作有积极的指导作用。The fertilization in China is always a serious problem which has blocked the development of China＇ s agriculture for long time. In order to improve the fertilization technology, this paper took Guangrao County in Shandong Province as a study area and studied soil testing and fertilizer recommendation technology based on raster data. Interpolating sampling points of the study area in GIS, the distribution maps of the available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were obtained, and the result showed that the distribution of available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in Guangrao County is imbalance. The level of the available nitrogen is high in south and middle area and low in the north ; the level of the available phosphorus is high in large area, especially in the south area, only low in few sites in north and middle-south area ; the level of the available potassium is high in south and northeast area and low in middle and northwest area. This showed that fertilization can increase the agricultural output in a long run. Switching all maps including distribution maps of target yield, the distribution maps of soil nutrients correction coefficient, distribution maps of fertilizers utilization ratio into raster data with the same raster size of50m×50m, the raster data were gotten with the number of 1145×1648. The number of cultivated land in the study area is 61609.51 ha and each raster can represent 0. 032 ha. Finally, the raster maps were calculated in GIS and the fertilizer recommendations were gotten in each raster. The result showed that the nutrient demands in Guangrao are imbalance. The demand of nitrogenous fertilizer is relatively low and centralized in south area within the number of 200 kg·ha^-1, only few sites exceeded 800 kg·ha^-1. The demand of phosphorous fertilizer is imbalance and the area within 20 kg·ha^-1 and exceeds 240 kg·ha^-1 is large. The demand of potassic fertilization is different in different areas, which is more than 400 kg·ha^-1 in south

关 键 词：耕地 测土配方施肥 GIS 栅格 山东广饶县 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]