基于PRA方法的社区居民对湿地生态系统稳定性及退耕政策的认知分析  

Responses of Farmers to Wetland Ecosystem Stability and Grain-for-Wetland Program Based on Participatory Rural Appraisal

作　　者：廖玉静[1,2] 宋长春 郭跃东[1] 王丽[1,2] 王丽丽[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130012 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2009年第6期1041-1048,共8页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划资助(2009CB421103);国家自然科学基金资助项目(40771189);国家青年自然科学基金资助项目(407701001)

摘　　要：采用参与性农户评估方法(PRA),对黑龙江省洪河农场135户居民进行随机访问,调查其对湿地生态系统稳定性和退耕政策的认知程度,以期从农户角度出发,探讨湿地生态系统稳定性对居民生产生活的影响以及退耕政策实施的可行性,为湿地保护和利用政策的制定和实施提供理论依据。研究显示:86.7%的居民认为湿地生态环境功能重要,生态环境意识较高。对比10年前的生态环境,认为生态环境现状恶化的居民比例(48.1%)略高于好转的居民比例(43.0%)。近80%的居民对湿地生态系统稳定性有所了解,且认为现有湿地存在稳定性低、易退化的问题。绝大多数居民对退耕政策了解并支持该政策的实施,认为有利于维护当地生态环境,保护湿地资源,促进经济协调发展;但对于政策实施中遇到的资金、技术等问题尚存疑虑。此外,退耕后的补偿与替代生计选择也是居民普遍反映的问题之一。Wetland was a kind of important ecosystem for environment regulation and regional ecological balance maintenance. In addition to its functions in biodiversity conservation, more and more attentions had been paid to the issues on ecosystem stability of wetland in recent years. This paper presented an analysis of farmer＇ s response towards wetland ecosystem stability and Grain- for-Wetland Program in Honghe farm of Heilongjiang Province. The study was based on a survey of 135 local people by means of participatory rural appraisal. And the surveys covered local peo- ple＇ s awareness of wetland ecoenvironmental functions, wetland ecosystems stability, Grain-for- Wetland Program and their attitudes towards the program. The paper attempted to study the influence of wetland ecosystem stability to farmer＇ s life and the feasibility of Grain-for-Wetland Program, in order to provide useful theoretical basis for optimal management, sustainable utilization and restoration of wetland resources. The results indicated that wetland eco-environmental functions were thought to be important by most local people - 86.7 % interviewees. Of which 48. 1% interviewees considered that the local eco-environment was worse than that 10 years before, while 43.0% interviewees considered that it was better now. In the survey of wetland ecosystem stability, nearly 80% local people knew something about it, and they thought that the existing wetlands were in low stability and prone to degradation, and more attention needs to be paid. Climate change and wetlands reclamation were primary factors in the issue. In addition, majority of the local people-nearly 80% knew more about Grain-for-Wetland Program, and 79.3% interviewees held a positive attitude towards it. They thought that the program would be useful to safeguard the eco-environment, protect wetland resources and promote local economic development. Meanwhile, most local people expressed that the funds and technology help were needed during the implementation of the program. And also

关 键 词：湿地生态系统稳定性 生态环境功能 PRA 退耕政策 洪河农场 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]