1991年至2000年中国陆地生态系统蒸散时空分布特征  

The Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Evapotranspiration of China’s Terrestrial Ecosystems during 1991～2000

作　　者：周蕾[1,2] 王绍强[1] 陈镜明[3] 冯险峰[1] 居为民[4] 伍卫星[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]加拿大多伦多大学地理系,加拿大多伦多M5S3G3 [4]南京大学国际地球系统科学研究所,南京210093

出　　处：《资源科学》2009年第6期962-972,共11页Resources Science

基　　金：中国科学院创新团队国际合作伙伴计划:“人类活动与生态系统变化”(编号:CXTD-Z2005-1);国家自然科学基金委员会重大国际合作项目:“Carbon East Asia:基于通量观测网络的生态系统碳循环过程与模型综合研究”(编号:30710069);科技部中德国际合作项目课题:“鄱阳湖流域碳循环研究”(编号:2006DFB91920)

摘　　要：净初级生产力(NPP)密切关联。基于1991年～2000年NOAA-AVHRR遥感数据、气象数据以及土壤数据和其他摘要:生态系统蒸散(ET)的时空动态是研究气候变化和陆地生态系统碳水循环的重要因子,与生态系统的辅助数据,利用改进的生态系统过程模型(Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator,BEPS),模拟了中国陆地生态系统不同时间尺度ET的空间分布格局,分析了10年来中国陆地生态系统ET的时空变化特征及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明:20世纪90年代中国陆地生态系统ET呈上升趋势,10年ET平均值为442.55mm/a;最高值为475.91mm/a,出现在温度和降水都达到峰值的1998年;最低值为425.59mm/a,出现在年降水量最少的1992年。中国陆地生态系统年ET与年均温和年总降水量显著正相关,而年ET与年总降水量的相关性(R2=0.950,P<0.05,n=10)优于与年均温的相关性(R2=0.399,P<0.05,n=10),说明降水可能是中国陆地生态系统年ET变化的主要决定因子。中国陆地生态系统年ET表现出明显的空间分布格局:从西北地区到东南地区呈三级阶梯逐渐增加,与相应的降水分布格局类似;而基于不同植被类型和气候带的年ET表现出一定的地带性规律。从时间格局上看,ET的年内变化主要表现为单峰形式,而年际变化和相应植被类型及气候条件有关。全国年ET变化趋势在空间上有很大的异质性。The spatial-temporal dynamics of ecosystems＇ evapotranspiration （ET） are important factors in climate change and terrestrial carbon and water cycles, closely relating to ecosystem net primary productivity （NPP）. On the basis of multi-year NOAA-AVHRR remote sensing data, meteorology data （including temperature, precipitation, humidity and radiation）, soil data and other ancillary data, a modified ecosystem productivity process model, Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator （BEPS）, are developed to estimate the evaptranspiration （ET） of terrestrial ecosystems in China at 10-km spatial resolution on different temporal scales. The estimated results are used to develop the spatial-temporal variations of ET and their responses to climate changes. Results show that in 1990s, the annual average ET nationwide increased at a mean rate of 442.55 mm/a, with maximum annual ET of 475.91mm/a in i998, when average temperature and total precipitation reached peaks and minimum value of 425.59mm/a in 1992, when precipitation hit the lowest point. Annual ET were positively correlated with temperature and precipitation, and the correlation between ET and precipitation （R2=0.950, P〈0.05, n=1 0） was more significant than that between ET and temperature （R2=0.399, P〈0.05, n=10）, indicating that precipitation may be the main factor influncing the interannnual variations of terrestrial ecosystem in China. Annual average ET exhibited a distinguishable pattern, increasing from northwest to southeast. The distribution characteristics of ET are analyzed on the basis of climate zones or land cover types. It indicates that the ET of broad-leaved forests is generally higher than that of need-leaved forests, while ET of evergreen forests is also higher than that of deciduous forests. Also, the evaporation and transpiration of different types of land cover are compared. Furthermore, the seasonal variation of ET shows unimodal pattern, and interannual variation of ET can be associated with land cover and climate co

关 键 词：蒸散 蒸腾 蒸发 BEPS模型 时空格局 中国 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]