天山乌鲁木齐河源冰川积雪内不溶粉尘特征：沙尘与非沙尘活动季节的比较  

Characteristics of Atmospheric Dust Deposited in Snow on Urumqi Glacier No.1 of Eastern Tian Shan,China:A Comparison of Measurements During Asian Dust Period with Non-dust Period

作　　者：董志文[1,3] 李忠勤[1,2] 王飞腾[1,3] 张明军[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,天山冰川站,兰州730000 [2]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《环境科学》2009年第6期1818-1825,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2007CB411501);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX-YW-127);国家自然科学基金项目(40631001,40571033,40701034,40701035,40121101,J0630966)

摘　　要：2005年春夏（4-8月）期间,对位于中亚粉尘活动源区的天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川积雪中沉积的大气粉尘微粒的数量浓度及其季节粒径分布特征等进行了观测研究.结果表明,表层雪中不溶粉尘数量浓度在沙尘活动的4-6月份非常高（最大439×10^3个/mL）,可能是由于亚洲春季发生的沙尘暴事件影响造成的;将4-8月积雪表面不溶粉尘粒径分布进行了比较,粉尘微粒质量粒径分布表现出分布模式由沙尘活动前的单一模式（3-21μm）,到沙尘活动期间的双峰分布模式（3-21μm和20-80μm组成）,再到非沙尘季节的单一模式（3-21μm）的变化规律;粉尘化学离子组成,尤其是主要代表矿物颗粒的Ca^2＋,在4-6月份浓度很高（最大7 095μg/L）,另一方面,NH4＋和SO42-等作为可溶部分浓度变化存在差异.同时,用后向气团轨迹分析法验证了该区大气粉尘的传输路径,发现沙尘与非沙尘季节大气粉尘来源不同：分别来源于西北和西南方向,这对大气粉尘的传输和沉降造成很大影响.Deposition of atmospheric dust was measured in the snow on Glacier No. 1 at the headwater of Urumqi River in eastern Tian Shan, central Asia. An analysis of seasonal change of concentration of dust particles in the snow cover suggests that number concentration of dust particle is significantly high from April to June （439×10^3/mL） ,which may be caused by Asian dust storm in spring. The comparison of masssize distribution of dust particles between April to August shows an obvious change trend. The distribution of particles changes from single model （3-21 μm） in non-dust period before April,to bio-model （3-21μm and 20-80 μm） during Asian dust period,and to single model （3-21μmm） after June in non-dust period again. Ca^2＋ concentration in the snow is also very high from April to June,while NH4＋ and SO4 2- ,as watersoluble constituents the concentration change is different from each other. Backward trajectory was also employed to examine the transport process of air mass in this region.

关 键 词：乌鲁木齐河源 冰川积雪 不溶粉尘 季节变化 

分 类 号：X13[环境科学与工程—环境科学]