角膜移植手术概况  

Corneal transplantation

作　　者：骆非[1] 吕岚[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院眼科中心,100730

出　　处：《眼科》2009年第3期208-212,共5页Ophthalmology in China

摘　　要：角膜移植是利用异体的正常角膜组织取代混浊病变的角膜组织,使患眼复明或控制角膜病变的治疗手段。传统角膜移植分为穿透性角膜移植和板层角膜移植术,随着人们对角膜病认识程度的加深以及新技术新器材的使用,带角膜缘的板层移植联合中央部分穿透性角膜移植术、深板层角膜移植、深板层角膜内皮移植术、角膜缘移植等多种新的手术方式较之传统术式具有更好的光学效果,并大大减少了术后排斥反应、散光等并发症。此外准分子激光和飞秒激光的应用也使角膜移植术的手术效果更趋完美。同时,人工角膜移植手术为不适合传统穿透性角膜移植手术的患者提供一种新的选择。本文对准分子激光和飞秒激光应用于穿透性角膜移植、各种类型板层角膜移植以及人工角膜移植手术进行简要概述,并展望角膜移植手术的发展趋势。Corneal transplantation is an effective procedure for the treatment of opaque cornea replaced by transparent cornea . Traditional corneal transplantation includes penetrating keratoplasty and lamellar keratoplasty. With the deep going studies of corneal disease and the application of new technology and new equipment, new surgical styles including peripheral lamellar keratoplasty combined with central penetrating keratoplasty, deep lamellar keratoplasty, deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty and keratolimbal allgraft have shown better optical result than traditional styles, the rejection and astigmatism after operating become much less than before. Besides, excimer laser and femtosecond laser-assisted keratoplasty is promosing to improve the visual outcome, and artificial cornea provides a chance for those severe patients who maybe have no hope with traditional keratoplasty. This article views these new surgical styles mentioned above and looks forward to the future of corneal transplantation.

关 键 词：角膜移植 角膜病 手术 治疗 

分 类 号：R779.65[医药卫生—眼科] R777.33[医药卫生—临床医学]