清代基层社会的地保  

Dibao-the Grass-roots Unit in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：刘道胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史地理研究所,上海200433

出　　处：《中国农史》2009年第2期89-100,共12页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"民间文书与地方社会研究"(08CZS005)

摘　　要：清代保甲长等多称地保,其职责亦有很大改变。这与雍乾以降里甲向保甲嬗递所带来的乡里职役变化有关。随着自然村庄逐渐成为国家控制基层社会的主要组织形式和基本单位,地保的设置亦主要体现为以自然村为基础。清代地保的职能大体经历了从弭盗安民到全面承值乡里差役的演变,从乡里职役向官府吏役转化。有清一代,地保社会地位低下。清代地保的设置使清政府对基层社会的控制进一步强化。In the Qing Dynasty, head of Baojia is generally called Dibao, and its key duties undergo great changes,which is related to change of duties when Lijia is developed into Baojia since the period of the regimes of Emperor Yongzheng and Qianlong. As villages gradually become the main organizational form and grass-roots unit for the imperial power to control rural society, Dibao is also built up on the base of village. As far as the duty of Dibao is concerned, it mainly undergoes the change from guarding against thefts and reassuring the public into taking the full responsibility of tax levy and servitude supervision, which means Dibao is developed into a local minor official post from a non-official rural unit. During the whole Qing Dynasty, Dibao just has the lowest social status, but it makes the government＇ s control of the rural society further consolidated.

关 键 词：清代 地保 地方 保甲 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K03[历史地理—历史学]