西藏终碛湖溃决形式研究  

A study of the outburst form of the end-moraine lake in Tibet

作　　者：刘晶晶[1,2] 程尊兰[1,2] 李泳[1,2] 罗曦 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室,四川成都610041 [2]中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川成都610041 [3]广东蓄能发电有限公司,广东广州510630

出　　处：《地学前缘》2009年第4期372-380,共9页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40771024);交通部科技项目(200631879284);水利部公益性项目(200801032)

摘　　要：西藏终碛湖众多,一旦发生溃决,将造成巨大损失。冰湖溃决机制的研究对冰湖溃决预测和溃后灾害评估是十分必要的。将冰湖终碛堤视为天然堆石坝,用水力学和土力学理论研究冰湖溃决的力学机制。重点研究溢流型溃决形式和管涌型溃决形式,根据野外观测数据和前人的研究,发现溢流型溃决的溃口多呈梯形或圆弧状形,对比真实数据发现溃口顶宽与坝高的关系,并且所有冰川终碛堤都表现为局部溃决。通过实地考察、取样分析,判断光谢措终碛堤的可能渗透破坏形式。Many end-moraine lakes are distributed in Tibet. Once any of theses lakes outbursts, this region will undergo a huge loss. So studying the outburst mechanism is essential for forecast and assessment of the disaster. In this paper, the end-moraine dam is considered as a natural dam and the outburst of end-moraine lake is researched in terms of hydraulics and soil mechanics. According to field observations and previous researches, our study focuses on the overflow and piping-break types of outburst. It is found that the dyke breach in the overflow type usually has the shape of an are or a trapezoid. From the field observations, we have found a relationship between the height and the open width of the breach. Almost all end-moraine lakes collapse partially. Based on field surveys and sampling analysis, we have determined the possible ways of collapse of the Guangxieco end-moraine lake by infiltration.

关 键 词：西藏 终碛湖 溃决形式 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]