知觉学习的神经机制  

The Neural Mechanism of Perceptual Learning

作　　者：马小丽[1] 杨彬[1] 钟翔[1] 宋艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2009年第4期653-658,共6页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:30600180);北京市自然科学基金项目(编号:7073092)资助

摘　　要：知觉学习是指训练或经验引起的知觉上长期稳定的改变,揭示了成年大脑也具有可塑性。以往知觉学习的研究主要集中在探讨知觉学习的属性,如知觉学习的特异性、迁移性和时间进程等。近年来随着fMRI、ERP技术的应用和电生理、心理物理学技术的提高,知觉学习神经机制的研究取得了前所未有的新进展,不仅把知觉学习包含的脑区从初级视皮层扩展到了V4等视觉信息加工通路的中间阶段,而且还揭示了与注意等相关的高级脑区的作用;不仅研究在知觉学习过程中涉及的皮层区域变化,而且还探讨了知觉学习引起的细胞水平的变化,为大脑可塑性问题的研究和应用提供了进一步的证据。Practice or experience can induce long-term changes in perceptual skill. This process is referred to as perceptual learning and indicates the plasticity even in adult brain. Previous studies on perceptual learning were mostly focused on the specificity, the transfer and the time course of learning. With the application of fMRI and ERP technology and the development of electrophysiological and psychophysical methods in recent years, scientists have achieved unprecedented progress in the neural mechanism of perceptual learning. The brain areas involved in perceptual learning, from primary visual cortex, have extended to the middle stage of visual information process （e.g. V4） and some higher attention-related brain areas. Furthermore, recent studies not only revealed how cortical maps change in the course of perceptual learning, but also explored the cell-level changes involved in perceptual learning. These new results provided further evidence for the research and application of brain plasticity.

关 键 词：知觉学习 神经机制 初级视皮层 高级脑区 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学] B845[哲学宗教—心理学]