刻板印象威胁效应研究回顾与展望  

A Review of Study on Stereotype Threat Effect

作　　者：阮小林[1] 张庆林[1,2] 杜秀敏[2] 崔茜[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学西南民族教育与心理研究中心,重庆400715 [2]西南大学心理学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2009年第4期836-844,共9页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重大项目<西南民族地区民族认同心理与行为适应研究>(04JJDZH014);西南大学国家重点学科建设经费资助(项目批准号:西国重NSKD06002)

摘　　要：刻板印象威胁是个体经历的一种风险,处于该风险中的个体担心自己会验证所属群体的消极刻板印象。刻板印象威胁会导致个体行为上的表现下降和心理上的分离与不认同。同时,刻板印象威胁效应也会受领域认同、群体认同和自我等因素的影响。心理机制方面,已由焦虑、唤醒等单一机制研究转向了多威胁线索加工模型、综合过程模型的探讨。研究发现,刻板印象威胁可以采用重塑任务与建立认同安全环境等手段进行应对。未来研究将集中于心理后果的研究、不同类型威胁的后继研究、现场研究及本土化研究。Stereotype threat refers to being at risk of confirming, as self-characteristic, a negative stereotype about one＇s group. Stereotype threat could lead to underperformance, disengagement and disidentification. Moreover, stereotype threat effect could be moderated by domain identity, group identity and ego. Early research focused on single mechanism of stereotype threat. Recently, some researchers suggested that there were three competing hypotheses for how blatant and subtle stereotype threat cues influence individual performance. Others suggested an integrated process model. Studies found that there were many intervention means such as reframing the task, creating identity-safe environment and so on. Great attention should be paid for the following issues in the future research： mental consequence study, the subsequent study of varied threat, field study and localization study.

关 键 词：刻板印象威胁 表现下降 领域认同 群体认同 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]