陕西省城乡居民膳食营养状况对比分析  

Analysis of the dietary nutrition in rural and urban residents in Shanxi Province

作　　者：张颖[1] 徐增康[1] 郁惠莲[1] 常锋[1] 郭晓荣[1] 刘岭[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省疾病预防控制中心,西安710054

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2009年第3期20-23,共4页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解陕西居民目前的膳食结构状况,为进一步改善膳食结构,提高居民生活水平提供资料。方法按经济发展状况的不同,分别在城市和农村抽取居民家庭,采取入户3日称重法进行调查。结果农村和城市的能量摄入分别为2444.4kcal(10.3MJ)和1904.3kcal(8.0MJ);三大产热营养素产热比城市和农村蛋白质分别为11.9%和11.3%,脂肪分别为29.9%和26.2%,碳水化物分别为58.2%和62.5%;城乡居民能量的主要来源是谷类,城市与农村分别占58.7%和63.1%;动物性食物提供的能量分别占9.3%、5.1%,纯热能食物(动物油、植物油)提供的能量城乡分别占18.7%、18.0%;农村居民的薯类消费高达82.0g/标准人日,而城市居民仅消费31.5g/标准人日;城市居民的脂肪、食盐摄入量分别为43.8g和13.7g(包括酱油含盐量,不包括腌菜含盐量),农村居民的脂肪、食盐摄入分别为52.7g和36.1g(包括酱油含盐量,不包括腌菜含盐量)。结论城乡居民膳食能量来源主要是谷类食物,且农村高于城市;动物性食物消费量城市高于农村;谷类食物的蛋白质仍为城乡居民的主要供给来源,且农村高于城市,而动物性食物蛋白质供给则城市居民户高于农村,脂肪类食物来源动物性食物城市高于农村,而植物性食物则农村高于城市。从平均营养素摄入量看,除视黄醇外,其余营养素均是农村居民高于城市。城乡居民脂肪和食盐的摄入量均远大于中国居民膳食指南推荐的每日摄入量,且农村高于城市。Objective To understand the dietary pattern and nutrient-intake of the urban and rural resident in Shanxi province, so as to improve the dietary pattern and the quality of nutrient-intake. Methods According to the economic development, the samples were collected by indoor-diet-weighing method in 3 consecutive days. Results In urban and rural areas, the total energy consumption were 2 444.4 kcal （ 10.3 M J） and 1 904.3 kcal （ 8.0 MJ） respectively, the heat ratio of the three heat production nutrients were：protein, 11.9% and 11.3% ;fat,29. 9% and 26.2% ;carbohydrate, 58. 2% and 62. 5% respectively. The primary energy source of urban and countryside residents was grain, account for 58. 7% and 63. 1% ,respectively. The energy supplied by animal foodstuff was 9. 3% and 5. 1% ;the energy supplied by pure heat energy food（ animal oil and vegetable oil） was 18.7% and 18. 0% respectively;potato consumption reached up to 82.0 g/（ per capita/day） , while city resident consumption was only 31.5 g/（ per capita/ day） ;and the intake of fat and salt（ salt content including soy sauce, excluding sauerkraut ） , was 43.8 g and 13.7 g in urban dwellers, and 52.7 g and 36.1 g in ruaral dwellers. Conclusion The main source of energy was cereal both in urban and rural residents, and higher in the latter;animal foodstuff was much higher in the former. Cereal was still the main source of protein both in urban and rural residents,and much higher in the latter. Animal source of protein was more in urban areas. Except for retinol, the average nutrient intake in rural area was higher than that in urban. Both in urban and rural areas ,the intake of fat and salt were much higher than the recommended standard by the China Resident Diet Guide, especially in rural areas.

关 键 词：城乡居民 膳食结构 对比分析 

分 类 号：R151[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]