观赏植物净化甲醛能力与其叶片形态和光合特性的关系  

Relations between the abilities of ornamental plants for formaldehyde purification and the morphology & photosynthetic characteristics of leaves

作　　者：刘延宾[1] 金幼菊[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京100083

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2009年第3期48-52,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：为研究观赏植物净化甲醛的机制,选取了6类具有代表性叶片类型的21种观赏植物,放入密闭玻璃箱中进行甲醛的吸收试验,同时测定植物气孔密度、光合生理指标并观察叶片解剖结构。结果表明:多肉植物和披针形硬革质叶片的龙舌兰科植物甲醛净化能力较差,其他叶片类型的植物净化能力较强,其中绿吊兰的净化效果最好。SPSS相关性分析表明,植物甲醛吸收量与气孔密度和净光合速率呈极显著正相关,与胞间CO_2浓度呈显著负相关;不同类型的植物叶片,其解剖结构的差异较大,与甲醛净化能力间有一定的规律性。本文进一步证明了植物吸收代谢甲醛的能力与净光合速率关系最为密切,气孔密度为重要的限制因子。The present paper is aimed at investigating the relations between the purifying power of the formaldehyde and stomatal density, and between the structures and photosynthetic characteristics of leaves for different ornamental plants. For our research purpose, we have chosen 21 species of six kinds of typical-leaf ornamental plants as our case study sample. When the experiments were done, the flowerpot and soil were required to get covered with preservative membrane and then put into sealed glass chambers for the purification tests. The above said concentrated formaldehyde was then moved into chambers with the plants fumigated for 10 h. Later the concentration of formaldehyde in the sealed chambers was tested by the method of acetylacetone with spectrophotometer while their leaf areas were tested with the pattern weighing method. In so doing, the stomatal density and the structure of the leaves can be observed with nail oil seal and paraffin method whereas the photosynthetic characteristics can be measured with the Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system. The resuits of our experiments indicate that the succulents and the plants with lanceolate coriaceous leaves are poor in purifying formaldehyde whereas the other typical-leaf ornamental plants tested are excellent in this way, especially, the broadleaf bracket-plants, which enjoy the strongest capability in formaldehyde purification. As to the amount of formaldehyde that may be purified out per unit leaf area, highly positive correlation has been detected between the stomatal density and the net photosynthetic rate. Nevertheless, no significant negative correlation has been found with the intercellular CO2 concentration, though obvious difference can be seen between the leaf structures for different types of leaves and the capabilities of formaldehyde purification. Thus, it can be concluded that the capabilities of formaldehyde purification are very close to net photosynthetic rate, with its stomatal density being an important restrictive factor.

关 键 词：环境科学 甲醛净化 观赏植物 叶片 气孔密度 光合特性 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]