喀斯特坡地土壤流失监测结果简报  

Monitoring Results of Soil Loss in Karst Slopes

作　　者：彭韬[1,2,3] 杨涛[1,2,3] 王世杰[1,2] 张信宝[2,4] 陈波[2] 汪进阳[2,4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵阳550002 [2]中国科学院地球化学研究所-贵州省科技厅普定岩溶地质与生态研究综合试验站,普定562100 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [4]中国科学院,水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610041

出　　处：《地球与环境》2009年第2期126-130,共5页Earth and Environment

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新重要方向项目(批准号:KZCX2-YW-306);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(批准号:2006CB403200);“十一五”科技支撑计划课题(2008BAD98B07)联合资助

摘　　要：在贵州普定岩溶地质与生态研究综合试验站陈旗小流域内，采用全坡面大型径流场的方法，对6种不同土地利用条件下喀斯特坡地径流场次降雨地表径流量和土壤流失进行了监测。2007年7月到2008年12月期间的监测结果表明：6个径流场土壤流失量均非常小，年土壤流失量和年悬沙产沙量变化范围分别为0．05～62．25t／km^2和0．03～8．68t／km^2，最大的为中度石漠化的稀疏灌丛径流场。喀斯特坡地土壤流失集中发生在降雨量超过60mm的降雨事件中，不同类型坡地间次降雨土壤流失量差异显著，最主要控制因素为地表径流量，同时也受到降雨特征和植被状况的影响。此外，前期降雨对坡地产流和土壤流失的影响也是客观存在的。前期降雨丰沛的条件下，坡耕地、稀疏灌丛径流场的地表径流量、次降雨土壤流失量相对复合植被、火烧迹地、灌草和幼林径流场均出现明显增长。Experiments on monitoring surface runoff, suspensional sediment yield and soil loss for each rainfall event was carried out in six runoff fields with different land use types, using large slope runoff field method, in Chenqi catchment, from July, 2007 to Dec,2008. Results show that annual soil loss and suspensional sediment yield in six runoff fields vary greatly, from 0. 05 to 62.25 t/km^2 and 0.03-8.68 t/km^2 , the largest one occurs in the sparse shrubs runoff field which classified as moderate rocky desertification. Soil loss in karst slopes generally occurs in heavy rainstorms when the precipitation exceeds 60mm, and the surface runoff is the dominating factors however, the soil loss also being affected by rainfall characteristic and vegetation cover. Moreover, antecedent precipitation influence the surface runoff and soil loss significantly in karst slopes; Surface runoff, soil loss and suspensional sediment yield for each rainfall event in agriculture and sparse shrubs runoff fields, show significant increases in such case, comparing with runoff fields with complex vegetation, burned area, shrub-grass and young forest.

关 键 词：喀斯特坡地 土地利用类型 全坡面大型径流场 土壤流失 悬移质泥沙 监测 

分 类 号：P642.25[天文地球—工程地质学] S15[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]